Product Market Analysis Essay

In 1873, Adolph Coors and Jacob Schueler, both German immigrants established Golden, Colorado brewery. In 1880, Coors bought appear his partner and became the sole owner of Coors Brewing Company. Today Molson Coors Brewing Company is the third largest brewing company in the United States (Molson Coors, 2013). In 1990, Coors Brewing introduced Coors jolty Mountain bound Water. The product was short lived and was taken go about through the market in 1992 after only two years. There are a hardly a(prenominal) problems with the marketing and advertising of this product. To remarket this product I would start with the use of various types of media communication. Television, radio, magazine, and other social media outlets would be take advantage of. Television and radio commercials entrust be broadcast during sporting event on the major sports net kit and boodle. The focus on the sports and outdoor community get out be the main target. The Coors Company did not target these markets with their product.Magazines advertisements will be added to outdoor and sporting magazines. The product will be advertised on social Medias such as Facebook and Twitter. Facebook also gives the plectron of paying for more advertisement. This can triple the products reach more than 1000 contrary views a day. The advertisement for this product was limited to boob tube and magazines. The problem with the television is that Coors was tried to target their beer drinking customer. The times the commercials were aired were during the same times that beer commercials. The customer base that they were reaching limited the exposure. That seer base is not interested in the Rocky Mountain Spring Water unless is has the rest of the ingredients in it. The big issue that this product has is in the name. Coors Rocky Mountain Spring Water makes you trust of the alcoholic beverages that they are known for.This alone discouraged those who do not drink or those too young to drink. In 1987, the a verage person would consume 4.5 gallons of bottled water per year. That grew in 1997 to 12.7 gallons per person. There an no reason why with that much increase in the consumption of bottled water this product didnot take off (Natural Resource Defense Council, 2013). This product has a simple fix. First, it is important that we change the name of the product. At the least drop the Coors of the name, Rocky Mountain Spring Water. This will still bring in the loyal customers to the Coors product. Any true fan on Coors will remember that Coors is made by Rocky Mountain Spring Water. This will also disassociate the product from the alcoholic beverages. The original product was bottled in glass bottles. This could also hinder the sales of the product. The glass bottles are lowering and harder to store.Change the glass bottles into plastic bottles. This will cut down on the price of the product and make it easier to carrier. The next step would be to us media to get the product out to the public. We need to bring more advertisements to television and radio during sporting events. Advertising online can be done in many different ways. There are ways to reach online customer by e-mail or online advertisements. Facebook, Netflix, and a podcasts offer advertisements during interaction with their services. Online magazines and newspapers also offer advertisements while on the websites. Facebook has more than one billion people who us its services monthly. People spend an average of six hours and 35 proceeding a month. Because of the way Facebook works it has a 94% targeting accuracy.This is highly effective when trying to reach the target market (Facebook, 2013). meshwork radio is a great way to reach people. Internet radio accounts for 23% of the average weekly listening time among consumer between the ages of 13 and 35. 49% of US consumers listen to Internet radio 30 minutes prior to going into a store and the average online listener will listen almost 12 hours a week (Factbrowser, 2013). All these things I suffer listed will help to increase the public awareness for the product. The more the public is aware of the product, the more attention it will receive. In 2012 9.67 billion gallons of bottled water was consumed in the U.S. That was up from the 9.1 billion gallons that was consumed in 2011. Despite the efforts of some activist people are still turning to bottled water, and it is showing in the marketplace.ReferencesFacebook. (2013, Summer). The Power of Facebook Advertising. Retrieved from https//www.facebook.com/business/power-of-advertising Factbrowser. (2013,Fall). look into discovery engine. Retrieved from http//www.factbrowser.com/tags/radio/?page=2 Molson Coors. (2013, November). MolsonCoors. Retrieved from http//www.molsoncoors.com/en/Index.aspx Natural Resource Defense Council. (2013, July 15). Bottled Water. Retrieved from http//www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/bw/chap2.asp

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twenty-Six

Are you sure you dont want us to cal your parents, miss? The campus security officers voice was gruff but kind, and his eyes were worried.For a second, Meredith permit herself picture having the kind of parents he must be imagining peerlesss who would swoop in to rescue their daughter, wrap her up and take her home until the horrible images of her friends death faded.Her parents would entirely tel her to get on with the job. Tel her that any other reaction was a failure. If she permit herself be weak, more people would die.More so because Samantha had been a hunter, from a fa knoty of hunters, want Meredith. Meredith knew exactly what her father would sop up said if she had cal ed him. Let this be a lesson to you. You are never safe.Il be okay, she told the security guard. My roommates are upstairs.He let her go, watching her climb the stairs with a distressed expression. Dont worry, miss, he cal ed. The police wil get this guy.Meredith bit back her first reply, which was that he seemed to be putting a lot of faith in a police force that had yet to find any clues as to the whereab forths of the missing people or to solve Christophers murder. He was only trying to comfort her. She nodded to him and gave a little wave.She hadnt been any more successful than the police, not even with Samanthas help. She hadnt been trying voiceless enough, had been too distracted by the new place, the new people.Why now? Meredith wondered suddenly. It hadnt occurred to her before, but this was the first death, attack, or disappearance that took place in a dorm room instead of out on the quad or paths of the campus. Whatever this was, it came after Samantha specifical y.Meredith dream uped the dark figure she chased away after it attacked a girl, a girl who said she didnt remember anything. Meredith recal ed the flash of pale hair as the figure turned away. Did Samantha die because they got too close to the kil er?Her parents were right. No one was ever safe. She necessitat e to work harder, needed to get on with the job and fol ow up on every lead.Upstairs, Bonnies bed was empty. Elena looked up from where she was lying, curled up on her bed. Part of Meredith notable that Elenas face was wet with tears and knew that usual y she would have dropped everything to comfort her friend, but now she had to focus on finding Samanthas kil er.Meredith crossed to her own closet, subject it, and pul ed out a heavy color satchel and the case for her hunters stave.Wheres Bonnie? she asked, tossing the satchel onto her bed and unbuckling it.She left before I got up, Elena answered, her voice shaky. I think she had a study group this morning.Meredith, whats going on?Meredith flipped the satchel open and began to pul out her knives and throwing stars.Whats going on? Elena asked again, more insistently, her eyes wide.Samanthas dead, Meredith said, testing the edge of a knife against her thumb. She was slay in her bed by whatevers been stalking this campus, and we ne ed to stop it. The knife could be sharper Meredith had been letting her weapons maintenance slide and she dug in the sweetheart for a whetstone.What? Elena said. Oh, no, oh, Meredith, Im so sorry. Tears began to tie down her face again, and Meredith looked over at her, holding out the bag with the stave in it.Theres a smal black box in my desk with little bottles of different poison extracts inside it, she said. Wolfsbane, vervain, snake venoms. We dont know what were dealing with exactly, so youd better fil the hypodermics with a variety of things. Be careful, she added.Elenas talk dropped open, and consequently, after a few seconds, she closed it firmly and nodded, wiping her cheeks with the backs of her hands. Meredith knew that her message mourn later, act now had been received and that Elena, as always, would work with her.Elena put the stave on her bed and found the box of poisons in Merediths desk. Meredith watched as Elena figured out how to fil the tiny hypodermics inset in the ironwood of the stave, her steady fingers pul ing them out and working them conservatively open. Once she was sure Elena knew what she was doing, Meredith went back to sharpening her knife.They must have come after Samantha on purpose. She wasnt a chance victim, Meredith said, her eyes on the knife as she move it rhythmical y against the whetstone. I think we need to assume that whoever this is knows were hunting him, and that therefore were in danger. She shuddered, remembering her friends body. Samanthas death was brutal.A car tried to run me and Damon down last night, Elena said. We had been trying to investigate something weird in the library, but I dont know if thats why. I couldnt get a look at the driver.Meredith gapd in her knife sharpening. I told you that Samantha and I chased away someone attacking a girl on campus, she said thoughtful y, but I didnt tel you one thing, because I wasnt sure. Im stil not sure. She told Elena about her impressions of the blac k-clad figure, including the momentary impression of paleness below the hoodie, of almost white hair.Elena frowned, her fingers faltering on the staff.Zander? she asked.They both looked at Bonnies unmade bed.She actual y likes him, Meredith said slowly. Wouldnt she know if there was something wrong with him? You know She made a vague gesture around her head, trying to indicate Bonnies history of visions.We cant bet on that, Elena said, frowning. And she doesnt remember the things she sees. I dont think hes right for Bonnie, she continued. Hes so I mean, hes good-looking, and friendly, but he seems off somehow, doesnt he? And his friends are jerks. I know its a long way from having terrible friends to being dangerous enough to do something like this, but I dont trust him.Can you ask Stefan to watch him? Meredith asked. I know youre taking a break from dating, but this is important, and a vampire would be the best one to keep an eye on him. Stefan looked so bad the other night, sh e thought distantly. Why shouldnt Elena cal him? Life was short. She felt the blade of the knife against her thumb again. Better. Putting the sharpened knife down, she reached for another.Elena wasnt answering, and Meredith looked up to see her staring hard at the stave, her rim trembling. I Stefan isnt talking to me, she said in a little burst. I dont think I dont know if hed help us. She closed her mouth firmly, clearly not wanting to talk about it.Oh, Meredith said. It was hard to imagine Stefan not doing what Elena wanted, but it was also clear that Elena didnt want to ask him. Should I cal Damon? she suggested reluctantly. The ripened vampire was a pain, and she didnt real y trust him, but he was certainly good at being sneaky.Elena sucked in a breath and then nodded briskly, her mouth set. No, Il cal him, she said. Il ask Damon to investigate Zander.Meredith sighed and leaned back against the wal , letting the knife drop onto her bed. Suddenly, she was terribly tired. Waiti ng for Samantha in the gym that morning seemed like a mil ion years ago, but it stil wasnt even lunchtime. She and Elena both looked at Bonnies bed again.We have to talk to her about Zander, dont we? Elena asked quietly. We have to ask her whether he was with her al last night. And we have to warn her. Meredith nodded and closed her eyes, letting her head rest against the coolness of the wal , then opened them again. Tired as she was, she knew the images of Samanthas death would come back to her if she let herself pause for even a moment. She didnt have time to rest, not while the kil er was out there. Shes not going to be happy about it.

Somaliland

SAHAL suffice INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDSomalia is located in the horn of Africa with boundaries to Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya. Somalias run full functional governing collapsed in 1991. Since then Somalia has been ruled by transitional governments backed by the United Nations and international unions and now the Somali national government.Somaliland north part of the Somalia declared itself as separate sovereignty in 1992, although thither is no unsophisticated still recognized its sovereignty, similarly, Puntland the north eastern regions of Somalia, completed the semi- autonomous administration called Puntland state of Somalia in 1998. afterward the collapse of central government of Somalia, monetary institutions destroyed, the central coast of Somalia was malfunctioning with no enough authority to argue the monetary system of the country.The countrys bullion management system became night mire, with no central management for the cash receipts of the country. The infla tion reached at its peak with 30,000 so.sh exchange to 1$ in 2008 and the management of cash to stockes and day to day transactions become too risky and costly.Somaliland launched new currency nones named Somaliland shillings in October 1994 to resolve financial disturbances from the rest of Somalia.In 2010 nomadic bills transfer has emerged in the horn of Africa country, Somalia the telecommunications companies operated in Somalia started the mobile currency transfer armed return, Golis Telecom Company, hormuud telecom and telesom confederation covering the tierce zones in Somalia namely Somaliland, puntland and south central somalia.Golis telecom covered mobile money transfer returns named SAHAL SERVICE in Puntland state, telesom guild covered Somaliland and called it ZAAD SERVICE and hormuud telecom covered south central Somalia named its servicing as EVC PLUS.The emergency of mobile margining in Somalia started a new era in the field of bank system in Somalia.This n ew system has solved a lot of financial constrains faced the avocation and commerce in Somalia and started improving transactions and cash security in the country.Sahal function which is the mobile money transfer offered by golis telecommunication company has been launched in 2009 in all over puntland. This overwhelms the major cities in puntland such as bosaso, garowe and galkacyo.The helping which is owned and offered by golis Telecommunication Company, the humongousst telecom company in the region, with more than 15000 active subscribers (2015) has been easily accepted by the familiarity which highly suffered the malfunction of monetary system in the country.Sahal service in puntland offer the community to the following servicesMoney transfer. wandering(a) paymentMobile banking and servicesMobile airtimeMobile subsidenceMoney transfer serviceSahal service offered customers to transfer money from one to another, they tush transfer from small fraction of amount ranging from 0.1$ to unlimited us dollars. Golis Company charged this service initially to small amount of which is as followsGolis later decided to keep all the services free of charge.This service works as follows the customer needs to locate his cash amount to his mobile recollect by visiting golis sales center. Later the customer can send the money back to other customers with sahal service where ever he is in Somalia.This service has largely been utilize by businesses and individuals for the transitions between the cities and regions and has been widely accepted by the community since it is cheaper than the normal remittances working in the region such as dahalshiil, amal or iftin.This is the graphical representation of how sahal service works Mobile payment (paybills) This is another service offered by the golis telecom companys SAHAL SERVICE.Mobile payment is also called merchant mo and is intended to replace cash transactions between businesses and people. Golis customer has to get merchant number from golis sales offices and it is partd for that business only, it cannot be delectationd someoneal. You can get merchant number only if you have a running business with a name and location. by and by you get merchant number, the customer will do payment through this merchant number. The merchant number does not charge the customers as well as the owners, it is free of charge. The merchant number is bounded by cities and regions and cannot cross across different cities.If you wish to send money from one city to another for purchases, merchant number will not help you and will not work for that purpose instead you have to use sahal money transfer service. Merchant number offered by golis telecom has helped businesses to run their business with or without cash transactions. It increase the security of their transactions by keeping transactions with their merchant numbers history.The merchant person will go to golis offices to get the transactions he made this yea r or this month or simply a specific customer. This has increased the reliability and confidence of the merchants and they are heavily relied on this service. This service has changed the dynamics of the business transactions in puntland and it fills the gap of securing business transactions and payments in which other than the government should have to deal with.On the other side, there is a widespread believe that sahal service dominated the cash transactions in the country and if this service goes as it is now for many years there is a possibility that it will degrade the cash system of the country hence it should be regulated and concretely managed by the concerned government agencies.Use of Paybills service from golis telecom is shown graphically below Mobile banking systemSahal service has an additional service called kaaftoon, this service connects your salaam bank account into your mobile with the help of sahal service.The customer who needs to use this service should first have sahal service enabled in his mobile phone, then your salaam bank account can be tailored to your sahal service simply by asking salaam bank offices to do so. After it is being opened, you will be able to dethronement and retrieve you money to your bank account.Similarly, you can send and retrieve money from the other salaam bank account anywhere in the country.Kaaftoon services become the biggest nightmare for other competitor banks. It helped salaam bank which is co-owned by golis telecom to enter market staggeringly and get a immense market share with the minimal amount of time. The community highly welcomed This service as it is a new service enabled with the latest technology and removed the constraint of lining up the bank offices to deposit or withdraw cash your account.The kaaftoon service works as follows the customer should deposit cash money to his sahal service by visiting golis sales offices and depositing money to them then they will credit your sahal service a ccount as per the requirement. Then wrong your phone you can deposit the amount required to your salaam bank account and send money to other salaam bank accounts if required.Similarly you can withdraw money deposited in your salaam account into your sahal service and use it. You really dont require visiting salaam bank office or cash machine machine to withdraw cash.The amount of money to withdraw or deposit using kaaftoon service is as follows you can withdraw or deposit minimum of 10$, it will not accept below 10$. But you can withdraw and deposit as much as you need.This gives the customers a huge flexibility of managing their transactions and business into their premises. Mobile airtime Mobile airtime is also another feature which allows customers to get golis airtime from their sahal service, this service give customers the ability to get airtime to their mobile phones by using their sahal service, similarly they are allowed to give airtime to their friends and any golis subs criber.Before sahal service come into existence, scratch cards, golis centers and agents used to give customers the airtime they need. Small amount of service tiptoe are charged to the customers by the agents. But when sahal service begin to work all airtime work has shifted to the sahal service.Still there are agents of airtime which help customers those do not have registered sahal service to get their required airtime but they use their agency within sahal service. Al though this shift of airtime paradigm lost jobs and services but the subscribers get the flexibility to manage their airtime.Mobile remittance (taaj service)The mobile remittance service or taaj service has been included sahal service package in the year 2015. Taaj is a subsidiary company of a sis companies named HTG (hormuud, telesom and golis) and formarly known as BARAKAAT REDSEA COMPANY.The company have been subsidized according to the locations and clan boundaries in Somalia. This gave birth to company of si ster companies of HTG group. Taaj remittance belongs to HTG and it is supported by all the mobile banking systems of these companies viz SAHAL, ZAAD and EVCPLUS services.Taaj Remittance Company has been introduced in the Somali market in the year 2012, and has gained a large market share immediately, compelling the competitor companies with large market share to enter into the telecommunications company.The gaint Somali remittance companies, dahalshiil group and amal bank both entered the telecom company by forming SOMTEL and AMTEL companies respectively.The main aim of creating SOMTEL and AMTEL by dahabshiil and amal companies is the risk they faced from such technology as taaj company with the help of mobile banking systems such sahal service.Somtel has been largely launched Somalia at large and has come with their mobile banking system named E-DAHAB.AMTEL Company has been launched in the year 2017 and it is still in its initial start up phases.Since the collapse of Somali governm ent in 1991, Somali community has largely become immigrant in almost all over the world. Somali communities in different parts of the world use to send money in their families back home.The banking system of the country collapsed and the transfer of money from abroad to the country become difficult and that time Somali remittance companies has emerged and take their role in transferring money between communities abroad and Somalis in Somalia.Coming back to sahal service package, taaj service is one of the services supported by sahal service, it supports both local and international money transfer and it works as follows The person should deposit the amount of money to send into his sahal service.By using his sahal service, person should follow procedure accordingly and provide all the required information as seen graphically below Challenges confronted sahal service in puntlandIntroducing sahal service into the market met challenges which include technology related issues, reliabili ty and money exchange business.We will address these three challenges below and how sahal service survived from these two challenges.Deficiency of sahal service technologyThe customer got caught by lack of knowledge from this new technology in which they obtain a huge risk of their money. They didnt have prior knowledge of such technology nor it is something they use to see.This makes the service rigid and decreases its reliability and flexibility. Golis telecom company which is the owner of sahal service started the service as follows the company run the service only to its employees initially, to check whether the service runs as planned and rectify errors if any.This initially run of the service lasts for three months in which they send employee salaries, bonuses etc to this service, then the company opened the service to its customers by place a lot of efforts to encourage customers the reliability, confidentiality and security of the service.They put a huge amount of marketin g money to introduce and convince the customers to the new service. Golis telecom ceremonious a huge lcd tvs to many of its centers explaining how to use the service from technology point of view. Similarly they put advertisement agencies such as TVs, radios and newspapers explaining the same. This helped customers to understand the service and use it. Leter, sahal service customers started to increase each month.Reliability of the serviceInutility, customers got suspicious about the reliability of the service, they didnt convince to put their money in mobile phone and let it go. They believed the possibility that the company may collapse, or they misuse their money. Similarly since there is no strong financial system in the country they feel keeping their money with them is best policy.Golis telecom survived this problem as follows first of all the service was not only run in golis telecom or in puntland but all across Somalia. ZAAD and EVC PLUS have been introduced in hargaisa an d Mogadishu respectively. The introduction of the similar service across the country convinced the customers that the service has its demands now and may be it is the time to keep your money in mobile phones.The other asset which helped the company to convince the customers is the customer loyalty to the company. The company has made a clean image from fraud and financial mismanagement during its existence and the customers feel it that way and it increased its reliability. Similarly golis telecom run a lot of sales offices to handle sahal service customer care and customer issues in which it poured a huge money to immediately retrieve customer money in cash in case needed.This step greatly influenced the mindset of the customers and increased their confidentiality since their money is available 24/7 in cash or in the mobile phone.Money exchange businessesMerchants from money exchanges business who do currency exchange from dollars to Somali shillings and vice versa saw sahal servic e as their biggest threat.These group of business people immediately felt that if this service runs successfully all those exchange businesses will not live peacefully side by side instead sahal service is the end money exchange business. This is true in a way that no one will need to go exchange business to do exchanges from dollar to Somali shillings and vice versa since sahal service will do this and many more services.These group have tried to ruin the service and in public misinform the community by spreading negative propaganda about the service and mostly aligning the service with financial fraud.Golis telecom company stuck to its plan of scrap and convincing the community the services offered by sahal service and its benefits.Their main defence strategy was security and convinced the community golis is the right place to secure their money instead of holding and incurring security costs similarly since there is no fully working financial banks both public and private there was a huge need of financial services which is better than the current unstructured financial systems and services. This is the place where sahal service got the attention of community as whole.

Null Hypothesis and Yellow Pages

There argon many reliable sources that are pronto addressable for researching topics, whether it is for personal or professional use. Two of these sources are k at a timen as the Internet and the Yellow Pages. Based upon the test performed, to determine if the Yellow Pages will run short obsolete in the near upcoming, the following information was found based on the possibleness and test results that start been recorded in the passage. There are many people who would prefer the use of the Internet to the Yellow Pages because of the convenience and not having to flip through pages to find what you are adverting for.The Yellow Pages have become a thing of the past and is quickly being replaced by new research methods individuals can access via the Internet. In the past twenty geezerhood the Internet has continued to grow into what we know today. In 1993 the first primitive search engine was released (Seymour, Frantsvog, & Kumar, 2011). Google became the prominent search engine a round 2000 by employ an algorithm to rank web pages the desirable pages would be linked more than others based on importance (Seymour, Frantsvog, & Kumar, 2011).With the growth of the Internet and the rise of technology, at that place has been an append in the number of professiones that use the Internet for marketing (Salehi, Mirzaei, Aghaei, &Abyari, 2012). Businesses use the Internet to increase their business and people have easy access to the Internet, which makes it convenient for shoppers online (Salehi, et al, 2012). Our police squad wanted to determine if the Yellow Pages or printed phone book was becoming obsolete.We believe that with the advancements of the Internet and with the increase of people having smart phones, which have the internet readily available at your fingertips, the phone book is no longer needed and will become an archaic form of obtaining business listings or shopping. To test and gauge our research issue, we utilise the five steps of hypothesis testing. In the first step we hypothesized that the Yellow Pages will become obsolete in the near future with the advances of technology such as the Internet. Our team formulated a null hypothesis, which states theYellow Pages will be proven as a viable research method. The bet on step was introduced to determine the characteristics of our comparison distri simplyion. We polled 84 people, asking each person two questions. The first question was, When looking for a business listing, do you look to the Internet/search engines or the Yellow Pages (hard copy)? and the second question was, If you are going to make a purchase, do you look in the phone book, Internet, or both? Of the individuals polled, 68 were women and 16 were men.There were two individuals who fell into the under 20 category, three in the 21 to 30 group, 17 in the 31 to 40 range, 18 in the 41 to 50 crowd, 38 in the 51 to 60 set, and 6 representatives of the 60 and over. Our results showed for the first question there were 14 individuals who answered they used the Yellow Pages and 74 who preferred to use the Internet. The second question only yielded five people who answered Yellow Pages while 83 indicated they used the Internet. We set a cutoff point of 50% or . 5 hypothesized means discrepancy of usage among all age groups.This cutoff point was used both as a first method of searching for a business as well as usage in general. The mean for Question 1 was dictated to be 3 and for Question 2 the mean was determined to be 13. The Z score for the combined questions was -3. 71. The Z score for the first tail or Question 1 was 1. 64 and the Z score for the second tail or Question 2 was 1. 96. From our research and the data collected, we found that the null hypothesis was rejected. The statistics clearly show that there is over the 50% or . 5 hypothesized means difference. The gap in the Z scores shows a 5. 35 difference for the first question and 5.37 for the second question. Through our research and statistics, we found the results to be opposite of our null hypothesis which is the basis for the rejection. With the rise of local search sites, kind media, and mobile directories, the physical Yellow Pages books delivered to consumers doors long a staple of local marketing are quickly becoming obsolete. According to data from the Local attempt Association, total consumer references to print directories declined from 12 billion in 2009 to 7. 4 billion in 2011, and have most likely declined even more since (Jones, 2013, para. 2).There might be some interesting news for local businesses that still use marketing strategies through the Yellow Pages. The Yellow Pages is now offering advice in areas such as SEO, online advertising, paid search, and the effects of an online reputation in the social media. Recent findings show that on average, consumers consult two to three sources of information when intending on making a purchase. These sources include the Yellow Pages, but most ly through search engines. The physically printed Yellow Page book may become a part of history, but it will be a while before it is completely obsolete.Today, Yellow Pages and search engines dominate the local search space among all media. Last year, 84% of people used a Yellow Pages product and 76% used a search engine to find a local business (Norton, 2011). With that said, there are some things to consider when utilizing the Yellow Pages to advertise your business, like reviewing your competitors ads, including a dedicated phone number, immediately creating a working system to track business leads, and including offers exclusively for ad respondents. The data and statistics we collected lead us to the results that the Yellow Pages will soon be outdated.While modern media like the Internet is on the rise, handed-down print media will be pushed off the market. The Yellow Pages have found a way to use this change in marketing as an advantage. They now use new modern media to adver tise their product as the Yellow Pages online. The Yellow Pages are a name and a brand that people trust, so the concept will never actually be outdated. While the Internet pushes traditional media out of business, like books, newspapers and other print media, those branches have found to be resourceful and will therefore always find a way to survive in todays ever-changing market.

CheckPoint: Conflict

Conflict is an inevitable part of life whether it is in relationships, socially, or between nations. Most meshings arise from differing points of view on actions or goals and how they are handled can lead to a ceasefire or the breakup of mavins relationships. Conflict resolution skills are needed when navigating the stormy waters of conflict. How one perceives the goals and intentions of others can lead to misconceptions. When an individual or group perceives anothers intentions are harmful conflict will arise. It is human nature to believe that ones group is different or repair than another group.Forming an in-group bias will lead one to look for evidence to support ones negative opinions of others. Stereotyping is often behind negative opinions and misconceptions that lead to conflicts. Perceptions are the way a person thinks or views another so, perceptions would factor greatly into conflicts. A negative mirror-image perception will cause one to oer exaggerate the differences o ften held by parties in conflict for example, each party may view itself as ethical and peaceable and the other as wicked and hostile.Viewing others in this light will lone(prenominal) inflame the controversy and lead to much conflict. Learning how to view conflict differently can take about peaceable solutions. Certain methods must be employed for reconciliation to occur. Exposure and close proximity will lead to learning more about the other person. A better understanding helps to protect closeness and common interest. If one is around someone regularly, one will learn how to get on with the other person.When parties whom are at odds with each other work together on a common goal, they each learn to develop comradeship. Cooperation can facilitate in conflict resolution as well. Communicating effectively in conflict is huge in learning to resolve issues and have reconciliation. Negotiations when resolving conflicts should include bargaining, mediation and coming to an unders tanding with each other. If you cannot communicate with someone properly, this will lead to more conflict.

Nat King Cole

David subgenus Chen MUEL 2752 Dr. Daniel Jones Pre-Rock Era Project Nat king wampum There is no questioning Nat fag boodles place as one of the most influential and most-valuable American normal actors in history. Although he was initially known as an innovative and acquisitioned turn in pianist, his singing allowed him to become exceedingly winning in the realm of hot music, more specifi call iny in the big band and bed genres. Nathaniel Adams gelts was natural in Montgomery, Alabama on March 17, 1919 (Ruhlmann par. 3). His family moved to Chicago in 1921, where he began to play the gentle at age four and took classical lessons at age 12 (Ruhlmann par. ). When he was 15, Cole dropped let out of high school in order to pursue a career as a make do pianist (Ruhlmann par. 4). In 1937, Cole formed the powerfulness Cole Trio and began doing live performances and occasional recordings for bitty labels as well as some radio work. After releasing successful singles such( prenominal) as That Aint Right and All for You, the mightiness Cole Trio was signed by Capitol Records in 1942 (Teachout par. 15). Cole began to utilize his voice change magnitudely, and critics began to notice the King Cole Trios increase tendency to emphasize popular music as early as 1945 (Teachout par. 0). In 1951, Cole officially disbanded the King Cole Trio and continued his successful career as more of a standup singer than as a pianist (Teachout par. 25). Cole continues to sell great quantities of music today. However, despite his popularity, Cole has ofttimes been the subject of criticism. Many criticize Nat King Cole for compromising his artistic integrity as a recognise musician in order to achieve commercial success. Some even consider his increasing popularity and shifting musical zeal to be betrayal (Ruhlmann par. 1).One article from NPR music argues that Coles singing clearly betrayed his jazz sensibilities, duration an otherwise even goes as far as to call Cole a failed jazzman (NPR par. 5, Teachout par. 5). Contrary to these critics, Nat King Coles transition from pure jazz into popular music except added to his greatness as a musician and as a liberal public figure. Cole still must be considered one of the most important and influential jazz musicians in American music history, and his conversion from pure jazz to the commercial realm of music in fact allowed him to break important racial oundaries in the world of popular culture. Despite accusations that his transition into popular music weakened his integrity as a musician and an artist, Nat King Cole left an indelible mark upon both jazz and popular music during his lifetime. Gunther Schuller, author of The Swing Era, remarks that Cole was not entirely one of the most outstanding jazz pianists of his day but stylistically one of the most forward-looking (Teachout par. 4). Many important jazz pianists were biasd by the piano playing of Cole, including Bill Evans, Oscar Peterson , and Hank Jones (Teachout par. 4).It is clear that while Cole is often known only as a popular singer, jazz musicians appreciate his tremendous skill and artistry as a jazz pianist. Nat King Coles influence upon jazz did not stop at his playing and improvisational skills. When invited to play at a Hollywood nightclub called the Swannee Inn, Cole headstrong not to use a drummer (Teachout par. 14). Inadvertently, Cole had utilized the jazz trio, a lineup that consisted only of a piano, guitar and bass. While Cole was not the firstborn to use this setup, jazz experts often argue that he was the first to fully grasp the musical possibilities of this unique instrumentation.According to Terry Teachout of American Scholar, most pianists in groups without drummers tended to overplay in order to fill the musical space and provide additional rhythm Cole, however, modify his playing and created a vernal type of jazz sound (Teachout par. 15, HOWZE par. 6). The King Cole Trios lineup was em ulated by numerous musicians, including Art Tatum, Oscar Peterson, Ahmad Jamal, Charles Brown, and Ray Charles, and, some assert, helped lead the way in atrophied band jazz (Ruhlmann par. ). Cole explored entirely new territory in jazz, surpassing the influence of other popular musicians of his time. Rather than watching inside the confines of jazz as the world knew it, Cole actually created new styles and novel ways of using old instruments, thus furthering the development of jazz as an art form. Nat King Coles conversion from pure jazz into popular music, while despised by some, actually increased his significance in popular culture and music.Coles status as a popular singer in fact allowed him to reach audiences and to break boundaries he could never soak up modest as a pure jazz musician. Starting in the 1930s, Coles piano style and jazz instrumentation defined the jazz-piano trio however, it was not until he began to sing that he became a finish and world-famous entertain er (HOWZE par. 1). Connaitre Miller, a fine arts professor at Howard University, notes that Cole was the first jazz singer promoted on television (Foster par. 6).It was mainly Coles popularity as a singer, and not as a jazz musician, that allowed him to be featured on television. If Cole had remained within the confines of instrumental jazz, he may have silenced jazz critics who accuse him of betraying jazz, but he also would not have been able to stagger his jazz-influenced singing to such a wide audience as the one afforded him by his television appearances. Nat King Coles popularity as a jazz singer even allowed him to challenge racial boundaries of his time.The King Cole Trio was, according to Terry Teachout, about as popular as a faint unit could be within the confines of jazz and show business, and broke through the concrete ceiling that unploughed most black musical acts from reaching the highest peaks of celebrity (Teachout par. 14). On November 5, 1956, The Nat King Cole Show debuted on NBC and became the first of its kind hosted by an African-American (Noble). On one notable occasion, Nat Cole was not allowed to stay at certain hotels or visit certain casinos in Las Vegas. all the sametually, Cole sought legal sue against those hotels and clubs, using his celebrity status to challenge Las Vegass intolerant system (HOWZE par. 6). While Coles status as a pure jazz musician may have been jeopardized by his transition into popular music, this very transition allowed him to effectively attack important racial issues, an undertaking he could not have dreamed of as a jazz musician with a much smaller following. Nat King Cole may be the perfect example of an artist turned popular entertainer. As a jazz musician, Cole was almost unparalleled.Nat King Cole was certainly considered by jazz fans, musicians, and critics to be a leading jazz pianist, and often played in regard jazz venues such as the first Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts (Murph par. 8). Fu rthermore, Cole all but pioneered the jazz trio, a lineup that was highly emulated and influential in the development of jazz, proving that he was not only a highly skilled and respected jazz musician, but also an innovative and original one. Later, as a popular singer, he gained a tremendous monetary and commercial success as well as a massive audience.Even though he lost the respect of certain jazz purists, he gained much more influence upon pop culture, and using this influence, Cole popularized and cemented jazzs influence on popular music while even addressing racial boundaries of his time. These accomplishments would have been much more difficult, or even impossible, to achieve if Cole had remained a pure jazz musician. In this sense, studying the career of Nat King Cole may yield important insights pertaining to the boundary betwixt classical and popular music.As a purely classical musician, a musician such as Nat King Cole may be much more respected within followers of that particular musical genre however, throughout history, musical figures who have crossed the line between classical, artistic music and popular music are much more memorable than those who do not. By entering popular culture, musicians are much more likely to have the ability to affect significant issues of the time. For example, Bono of U2 or Angelina Jolie possess a relatively great sphere of influence when it comes to political causes.If neither were as engrained in popular culture as they are, it would be safe to say that they would not bring as much attention to the issues they care about. By gaining popularity, prominent figures also gain influence within popular culture and maybe even on the course of history. Although sometimes criticized by jazz purists, Nat King Coles commercial success in fact allowed him to affect American popular culture in unprecedented ways and secured his status as one of the most important musicians of his time. Works Cited Foster, Shivonne. Coles Me mory, Legacy is Unforgettable. The Hilltop (2007). March 2010 http//www. thehilltoponline. com Howze, Margaret Jazz Profiles from NPR Nat King Cole the Pianist. NPR 2010. 9 March 2010 http//www. npr. org/programs/jazzprofiles Murph, John. Nat King Cole Getting their Kicks. Jazz TimesMay 2009. 9 March 2010 http//jazztimes. com Noble, Amy. The Story of Nat King Cole. March 1998. 9 March 2010 http//members. pcug. org. au Ruhlmann, William. Nat King Cole. All Music Guide 9 March 2010 http//www. pandora. com Teachout, Terry. Nat King Cole. American Scholar 61. 3 (1992) 437-443. 6 March 2010 http//web. ebscohost. com/

The Go Between and Spies

THE main CHARACTERS IN THE GO-BETWEEN AND SPIES ARE SOCIALLY OPRRESSED ARE SOCIALLY OPPRESSSED How far do you agree with this assertion? Social Oppression is a main theme explored through fall out the devil tragic novels, The Go-Between and Spies. passim the novels, L. P. Hartley and Michael Frayn success in full convey the idea, through the use of their main characters, the effects of social oppression and class divide. development gentlem whatever techniques they show how class and oppression had power everywhere the people of the Victorian era.And plain after contendd(prenominal) the turn of the century, People were in time trapped in the shadows of the past era. Both novels ar told as flashbacks victorious us through the lives of two main protagonists. The climax of twain novels lead to the death of two antheral characters due to oppression. This gives us the idea that men were under greater pressure from social oppression. Considering, Marian and Ted atomic numbe r 18 caught to mishandleher two bodies moving care one in the squalid out hall but to date still Ted takes his life. king of beasts, beacutely assured of social inferiority swings to the extreme opposite as he aspires to be a member of the hall. social lion, a foreigner in the world of emotions, a character so inventive and sensitive gets invited into the world of Brandham hall in the summer of 1900. With Marcus thinking he was like them from the sophisti drawed weighty of his home Court Place. He sees himself as lower class and a mere earthborn among gods and goddesses. He characterises the members of the hall as figures of the zodiac. Marian is the virgin of the zodiac pure and innocent. To him she is the key to the whole pattern, the climax, the coping-stone, the goddess. Heinsisted on thinking of them as angels no matter what because they belonged to the zodiac. social lion, aware of the social difference, feels like a misfit among these smart blue people. He is determ ined to maintain his class a secret up to now though Mrs Maudsley had the susceptibility to fix you like a pinned butterfly with her gaze. He overlooks the authentic care of his own mystify and comments that she would be socially unaccept open she would make a bloomer and prepares to bear the humiliation by himself. social lion beingness so juvenile, had no experience of the events and situation around them. This wish of familiarity and naivety makes him anomic in a sophisticated world of adults and he finds his way to destruction.Leo, with the weather defying him, after he learns from Marcus that single cads wear their school garments in the holidays. He starts to think of clothes as badges of social office and takes an offer from Marian to take him to Norwich tomorrow and get him a new outfit. This makes more highly aware of his social inferiority as he has solo fifteen shillings and eight pence half penny as she adds that doesnt matter, weve got some. This opens w ay for Marian to take advant come on of Leos malleability and he becomes Mercury for Ted and Marian as he gets involved with the extracurricular make out affair.Leo admits hes a super snob and this snobbish, naive and bigoted character failed to allow him realise the danger of his work until its rather too late and the harm is already done. He fails to realise what spooning is due to his wishing of knowledge he could only have the thought of Ted Burgees as her spooning explodener. He gets a green suit and a green bike as Marian mat up green is his true colour and is called a usurer. After all these he still fails to realise hes been mocked but rather still seeks for adventure thinking of himself as a figure of fun. The disastrous ending is caused by Leos naivety and lack of knowledge.He fails to realise the trauma happening around him until it leads to the death of Ted after the virgin and the water carrier are caught together two bodies moving like one. Unlike Leo, who Marcus his friend is nice too, Stephen suffers a worsened oppression as hes manipulated and pressured by his own friend his age Keith. desire Leo he feels like a misfit everywhere as he comments that he doesnt quite fit with the pigtailed Geest girls and the oil colour stained Avery boys, but he however still aspires to be part of the clan like Leo bus still acknowledges and accepts the fact that he never will.Unlike Leo, Stephens low class was know to everyone and he couldnt even dare to keep it a secret. He was the otherwise ranks and unlike Leo, although he felt the class difference he was still grateful to be so. He went to a different school completely from Keith with uniforms socially coded for ease of reference. He lived in a semi-detached house attached to the pinchers making the whole situation even more shameful. While his friend Keith lived in a house with white wicket gates with a neat red brick path that curves through rose beds.He felt like he wasnt even worthy of the Ha ywards as he says The Haywards were perfect and yet they tolerated him and Mrs Haywards incomprehensible niceness. Stephen like Leo, has the colour green associated with them as Stephen admits everything some me was manifestly green. Stephen didnt dare to go against Keiths orders as Keith was the leader and he was the led. Stephens scent of social inferiority to Keith allows Keith to dominate and intimidate Keiths life as Stephen sees Keith as the first in a whole serial publication of dominant figures whose disciple I became.Stephen sees himself as the undersized boy with the teapot ears adjacent his powerful friend open mouthed and credulous. Stephen is much more different from Leo as he doesnt hide who he is and isnt ashamed of who he is. Both boys however are associated with symbols. Stephen is associated with the Privet as Leo is associated with Mercury. Both boys are completely unaware of sex and its this lack knowledge that makes Leo non realize what spooning is and Ste phen misinterprets the Xs and in Mrs Haywards diary. Both boys become messengers for illicit love affairs and dont realise what theyre been used for. be naive and snobbish like Leo, Keith fails to realize the humans descent between Uncle slit and Mrs Hayward. He doesnt realize why a man will be in the barns. This naivety prevents him from realising Mrs Hayward may have gone into the barns even as he says theres only one way to go and thats left(a), if you go right it leads to the tracks. He doesnt think Mrs Hayward for one minute will go into the tracks. When they realize Mrs Hayward might have go into a house in the lanes, he says they couldnt pursue their project Germans we might be able to deal with, these people we certainly quartert.He didnt realise he was German and even detested the thought a German as it was during the war time and being German in Britain at that point would be a sign of betrayal and a huge deal. Both boys intemperately affected by class, and sexual awakening lead them to events that affect them throughout their lives and see the need to even out their past with their future as Leo says the facts of life were a mystery story to me. Their lack of knowledge deposet be totally blamed on them but rather the times and conditions they lived in.They lived in a society where even girls could grow into women and not know where children were given birth to from or know what awaited them on their nuptials night. Children were forbidden to know nor talk about Sex. They were not allowed to know a lot of things. It was like a society with an adult world and a childrens one because knowledge in the society then, was a package unite with loss of innocence. Just like Stephen begins to know more and starts seeing the path ahead as darker tunnels and no longer remote blue horizons.However, this lack of knowledge leaves both boys lives in a complete rupture especially that of Leo. The Climax of the novel, leaves Leo like a train going through a series of tunnels sometimes in the dark not knowing. He lives with himself thinking he was responsible for the death of Ted Burgees as he comments that the tidings of Teds suicide came to me voicelessly as he preoccupied him. He lives thinking in destroying the belladonna he had besides destroyed Ted and perhaps destroyed himself. He was left a lonely man sitting alone in a drab flowerless room.While Stefan was left with a marriage that was never quite a real marriage. With worse troubles than anyones ever had before. He thinks he was responsible for the death of Uncle peter as he struggles to figure out where he belonged. Hartley used the social structure of his main protagonist Leo, who admits that he had destroyed Ted as a vehicle for expressing the power of the class structure over the societys actions with Ted serving as the scape goat barb himself after the findings of Mrs Maudsley in the outhouses to avoid the societal disgrace and spare Marian the embarrassment.Ted was loaded by his lack of social status as Denys doesnt fail to say we dont know him socially of course and his lack of capital as he rents his land from Lord Trimingham. Hartley makes reference to the class kitchen stove in the society using the multiform sub-textual elements of the interaction between the main characters especially with he relationship between Marian Maudsley and Ted Burges . Marian states that Ted and I were lovers their love was a beautiful thing but yet they couldnt be together due to the distinction in their social class and her expectations to sweep up an aristocrat.The villagers honor them and feel if it wasnt for the difference what a handsome pair theyll make. Ted Burgees isnt ashamed to furcate anyone about his low class as he admits to Leo Im a chassis friend of hers but doesnt hesitate to say but not the sort she goes about with. However, he feels insecure about it and looks at himself critically all over and even Leo notices that the more clothes he put on, the less he looked himself. Ted seemed to have been a comfortable man before any illicit love affair with Marian as the villagers see his change as a emergent one and ask whats come over Ted? To be shy with ladies? This implies he was a dames man and was content with his farm life as he admits Im not what you call a gentle-man farmer. Trimingham, on the other hand, was a Lord whose clothes, unlike Teds, seem to be a part of him. Hes an aristocrat and a gentle-man who teaches Leo nothing is ever a ladys fault. Unlike Ted, he had an ambiguous social position as he was penniless yet his aristocracy strengthened his social status and was seen as an emblem of the golden age.Trimingham however, despite all these odds, was oppressed by his lack of money and the defects of his face from the Boer war. He was awful ugly and we learn from Marcus that he doesnt like you to feel sorry for him. Hartley contrasts his hideous sick wrought scar that ran from his eye to the corner of h is mouth with the image of war making him a hero with a background of the hospital and battlefield. Trimingham is the gentle, chivalrous representative of a dying tradition, bearing the scars of an impersonal war.A complex symbol, he is two-sided, like Janus, like the war, conflict and suffering for which in some ways he standsentities which can be evil, the case of passion and pride and the fear of losing face, but which can also be good, the nurturer of strength, humility, self-discipline, compassion, the gaiety having the background of hospital and battle-field. Hugh is two-sided like the traditions of the British nobility, like the blind-in-one-eye chivalry which insists that nothing can ever be a ladys fault, like the patriotism which sends soldiers off to kill the Boer, whos not a bad feller but who happens to be the present target.When Leo first sees Trimingham he immediately concludes itll be impossible to like him and so doesnt expect Marian to marry him after he learns fr om Marcus that Mama wants Marian to marry him. His lack of money makes him still go forward to marry Marian even after the virgin and the water-carrier are caught together, two bodies moving like one. Marian still becomes Lady Trimingham. He was so deeply oppressed that even Leo comments that His life could never have been a good life.He was a respectable man from a family of aristocracy, yet had no money pushing him to still marry a woman who had become a figure of shame to get himself some money. Also because of his strong belief that nothing was ever a ladys fault Uncle ray on the other hand, whos very absence, was a kind of presence was a man with no status in the society living beyond the edges of civilisation but his presence lied in the glory of Uncle Peter a RAF pilot meant to be flying bombing missions over Germany.War plays a role in both novels as Frayn and Hartley use Uncle Peter and Trimingham to further show the effects of war on societal men. In Uncle Peters case how ever, it led to his destruction and the end of his life. It was his major source of oppression as he now had to live in the lowest of the lowest, the Barns. Unlike Trimingham whos still fully revere and idealised even much more after the war, we cant say the same(p) about Uncle Peter.Indeed he was idolised and his iconic status still remains with Auntie Dee, as Stephen tells us the messiness of their house glowed with a kind of sacred light, like a saint and his attributes in a phantasmal painting. This image is a different man from the man in the barns who is now that low in the table of human precedence. This painting is nothing close to that of war hero. As the narrator unveils the mystery we find out he has betrayed his country, decrepit his duties under the claim youre up there in the darkness five hundred miles away from home and suddenly the darkness is in you as rise.The man at the Barns and Uncle Peter are two different beings. One is a desperate, sick broken, deserted individual and the other whose bird of Jove on his hat spreading its gilt wings protectively over the children of the Close. Should Uncle Peter have tried to rejoin the society, he would have brought shame and disgrace upon his family as Uncle Peters iconic status was what reflected on Auntie Dee as even their untidy house glowed with a kind of panicked light, like a saint and his attributes in a religious painting. He is oppressed by the war effects and love as Trimingham and Ted.In his own case, he has married the wrong sister and at the same time gone from being a hero, to a man that low in the table of human precedence. He has nothing to offer the woman he loves like Ted who has nothing to offer Marian other than love. He has but a map with the one word Forever. He lives with images of the war fully fresh in his head saying you cant think, you cant move, Everythings drowned by this great scream of terror in the darkness as he struggles to close his mind to the memory by using s econd person, refusing to acknowledge them as his own experience.Like Leo is traumatised by the death of Ted, as he claims the tidings of Teds suicide came to me voicelessly, and haunted me, Uncle Peter lives with the trauma of the war and describes it as blood-red velvet in the crown above the eagle. He describes his plight and says it gets a bit leak, lying here and likens himself to a dicky engine. Uncle Peter deeply oppressed by the war, explains his plight to Stephen saying you start playing some game, and youre the chivalrous one, youre the great hero,But the games goes on and on, and it gets more and frightening and unfortunately for Uncle Peter the end result is death.His death remains ambiguous as we cant ascertain if he killed himself like Ted, or if he was killed or perhaps had an accident. Marian Maudsley a beautiful godess from Brandham hall an upper middle classed family in late-Victorian England with her hair bright with sunshine and pale rose-pink face. She has so m any social expectations from both her family and the society. Best of all shes judge to make a good marriage. It was like she was the climax, the key to the whole pattern. She was in the middle of a cross battle with her emotions.Torn between the man she must(prenominal) marry to give her and her family the aristocracy they desire and the man who she shared a beautiful thing and believed were do for each other. Marian was tough like her generate as they were like two steel threads crossing each other, but her face reflected all the misery she had been going through. She was oppressed by her social class and expectations, her Love for Ted and like her mother, shes expected to be a good hostess, moral, and keep her emotions and family under control by marrying Trimingham.However, Marian is a very deceptive character as she lies to her mother on her seeing someone in Norwich as she hurriedly said Not a cat we were with child(p) at it all the time. She also thinks she can marry Tr imingham and carry on with her affair with Ted. Being the virgin of the zodiac, associated with the Attropa Belladonna. She was a beautiful creature yet poisonous. So was the Attropa Belladonna as leo says I knew that every part of it was poisonous, but I knew that it was beautiful. Marian was a cruel and heartless character to an extent.She was a snob as Leo towards Trimingham on several occasions. She knew fully well there was no future for her and Ted and is fully aware she must marry Trimingham. She says to Leo I cant when Leo asks her why she cant marry Ted and admits to him that She must marry Trimingham. Shes a selfish character, as Ted has scarified all he has for her, he rents his farm from Trimingham and knows he can liberal it and is willing to take that risk. She however, takes no serios risk as she has her eyes set on aristocracy.She lures him into deceit which leaves the materialisation man dead and she ends up as Lady Trimingham. She uses Leo as the Go-Between betw een her and Ted and still calls the young boy names like shylock, she tells her brother Marcus that green is a suitable color for Leo. She takes advantage of the love Trimingham has for her as she threatens that she wont marry him if Ted goes and is willing to go as far as saying that Blackmails a game two can play at. Marian sees Teds suicide as weakness and tells Leo Ted is as weak as water.Marian is sometimes nice to Leo, ut however, all her niceness towards him always had a theme behind it. She takes him to Norwich so she can get the chance to see Ted, she buys him a bicycle to make the heart and soul delivery faster between her and Ted. However, it could be argued that it was all out of frustration. Her eyes showed that she couldnt trust herself to speak, and had a hard bed to lay on. Marian Maudsley was the climax of the whole story. She was responsible for Teds death and the calamity that befell Leo. She was still selfish even at old age not to admit to her faults.She conti nued to live in her self-deception and somehow made herself believe she was still a popular important figure in the hall telling Leo People come in shoals I almost have to turn them from the door Everyone knows about me. Her grandson is left to suffer the consequences of her actions. Michael Frayn uses imagery, metaphor, and irony to present Mrs. Hayward in different ways. Through these techniques, Frayn dramatically and beautifully contrasts Mrs. Haywards calm, composed bearing at the start of the novel with her serious, emotionally distraught side. Mrs.Hayward who is introduced with the six letters My mother is a German Spy, a character of grace and serenity always cheerful. Shes presented as an elegant and respectable character like Mrs. Maudsley and Marian who are under pressure but cant show it. She was almost a perfect being to the extent that even her chickens lived irreproachably elegant lives, parading haughtily about a spacious kingdom. However, Mrs. Hayward was oppressed by her social expectations to always keep a high chin and her house in order and It becomes part of her to conceal her true nature . Also by her husband Mr.Hayward whose character is a bully inflicting pain on his wife that even in the heat of summer she still wears a cravat pinned high around her neck. It can be argued she did this to hide the bruises inflicted on her by her violent husband Mrs. Hayward cant leave her marriage because once she got married to mr. Hayward, being in that period, all her rights , properties and even her identity ceased to exist. By law she was under the complete and total control of her husband. Mr. Hayward carefully watches is wife and this is why she has to send Stephen to carry a message to Uncle Peter.A woman was Barred by law and custom from entering trades and professions by which they could support themselves, and restricted in the possession of property, woman had only one means of livelihood, that of marriage. She keeps a diary with Xs and s representing her period and sex life. We know she has a distant relationship with her husband, and seems vaguely scared of him, so who shes having sex with is untold. Later on, we see she has Uncle Peter in her bosom perhaps the Xs indicated his reciprocated love. Like Marian, she cant be with the man she loves.