Elementary Education Essay Example for Free

dewy-eyed Education EssayThesis easy instructors may not fix highest income, but they have one of the most fulfilling careers. Introduction When thinking back to elementary school, what most people remember the best, are the studyers they had along the way. Elementary teachers not only give away their students to the basic concepts of core subjects, they also help pave the path to each students future success. While the income may not be the highest available, watch students develop a new skill or grow an perceptiveness for engageing can be very rewarding. I. What is the role of an elementary school teacher?a. Elementary teachers play an important part in not only the intellectual development but also the kindly development of their students. What students learn at a materialisation age can affect the way they see themselves, others, and the world later in life. b. Elementary teachers have the responsibility of introducing their students to the core subjects of mathem atics, language, science, and friendly studies. II. Education, Training, and Certification c. The normal route to becoming a teacher involves receiving a bachelors degree from a teacher education program, then obtaining a license.Teachers in private schools are not required to be licensed. d. Each state honors its own individual certifications. However, The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards offers a voluntary national certification, which is also honored by each state. Having a National Boards certification usually results in a higher income. III. Salary and fight e. Teaching salaries vary by state, experience aim, and location. f. Elementary teachers hold about 1. 5 million jobs. Employment is projected to grow about as unbendable as average, increasing 7-13% from 2008 to 2018. Elementary Education Shaping the Minds of the FutureWhen thinking back to elementary school, what most people remember the best, are the teachers they had along the way. Elementary teach ers not only introduce their students to the basic concepts of core subjects, they also help pave the path to each students future success. Education to go bad a teacher is long and tedious, and while the income may not be the highest available, watching students develop a new skill or grow an appreciation for learning can be very rewarding. Because there leave alone always be a need for education, even with the recent budget cuts, teaching jobs will always have to be available whatsoeverwhere.Elementary teachers play an important part in the intellectual development as well as the affectionate development of their students. The education of young children can affect the way they view themselves, other people, and the world, and their success throughout life. Usually, one elementary teacher will teach several subjects to one class, of about 20 students. However, some will work in teams with other teachers, depending on the type of school (Career Information Elementary School Tea chers. ). Teachers are faced with the responsibility of nurturing their students as well as their education.In the early geezerhood of elementary school, teachers introduce their students to the concepts of reading, writing, and counting. In the later years of elementary, teachers have the task of introducing the concepts of mathematics, language, science, and social studies. Teachers also have multiple behind-the-scenes duties. Teachers have the duty of creating daily lesson plans based on state requirements, assigning planning and making tests. They must keep records of grades made on homework assignments and tests. Teachers develop the materials that help students learn solving and reasoning.They also meet with parents of their students to discuss progress, lack of progress, and whatever discipline problems that may be occurring (Elementary School Teachers. ). The traditional education route to becoming an elementary teacher involves earning a bachelors degree from a teacher education program, and then earning a license. A teachers education program normally includes courses such as the general mathematics, physical science, social science, music, art, and literature, as well as prescribed professional education courses, such as psychology of learning, and teaching methods.Normally, 4-year school schools require students to wait until their sophomore year before applying for admission to teacher education programs. Teacher education programs also require students to perform a student-teaching internship. It is not required to graduate from an accredited teacher education program to become a teacher, but it will make fulfilling license requirements easier. After receiving a bachelors degree, one should obtain a license from a teacher education program. The State Board of Education or a licensure advisory committee grants licensure.Teachers earn their degree in quint different categories the early childhood grades (preschool through third grade), the ele mentary grades (grades one through six or eight), the middle grades (grade five through eight), a precise secondary subject, or a special subject, such as music. Teaching in private schools does not require a license. The requirements for regular licenses vary by state. Each state individually issues and honors their teaching licenses. However, The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards offers a national certification.All 50 states honor this certification, and in some cases, teachers will receive special benefits for this certification. These benefits can include higher salaries, and reimbursement for continuing education and certification fees (Teachers Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary. ). The salaries of teachers can vary by school location, teacher experience, and level of education. Public school teachers in elementary schools earn an average of $47,602. Private school teachers earn anywhere between $43,580 and $48,690. However, there are a fewer w ays to increase a salary.Teachers have the option to teach summer school, sponsor or coach duplicate-curricular activities, or take on other extra duties at the school. Despite being on the lower end of income, teachers do have a non-monetary compensation of fulfillment, while watching their students develop new skills and learn new concepts (Teacher Career Salary Expectations. ). Elementary teachers hold around 1. 5 million jobs. As well as affecting a teachers salary, the subjects and grade levels one is capable of teaching, and location can affect job opportunities. Jobsin inner cities and rural areas will be easier to fancy compared to the suburban districts. Minority teachers will be in higher demand because of an increase in minority enrollment, and the lack of minority teachers. Due to a greater existence interest in education as well as better pay prospects, the supply of teachers is expected to grow, and employment is expected to grow as degraded as average, increasing 7-13%, in the next six years (Career Information Elementary School Teachers. ). Teachers will always be able to find jobs due to the fact that there will always be a demand for learning.Elementary teachers make a huge impact on the lives of young children. Some teachers are remembered as role models some are remembered as more of a parental figure, and some may just provide well-disposed memories. Either way, they are an important part of each students life. They help their students develop important skills that will lead them to success in their future. whole caboodle Cited Career Information Elementary School Teachers. Campus Explorer. 2012. Web. 15 Jan. 2012. http//www. campusexplorer.com/careers/DE17C02B/elementary-school-teachers/. Elementary School Teachers. Oklahoma Career Information Center. 2011. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. http//www. okcis. intocareers. org/info2. aspx? FileID=OccFileNum=100309TopicNum=0. Teachers Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary. U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 17 Dec. 2009. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. http//www. bls. gov/oco/ocos318. htm. Teaching Career Salary Expectations. EduDecisions. com. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. http//www. edudecisions. com/articles/teaching/salaries. php.

Disregard of Moral Values Lead to Unethical Deeds Essay Example for Free

Disregard of Moral Values Lead to Unethical deeds EssayThis greed for money has crossed the limits of all ethical standards, regard and consideration for fellow men, or sympathy and compassion. All these things seem to get down at peace(p) with the wind and are among the major casualties of the post-independence period. This development can be considered quite a new one, probably an accompaniment of the modern technological development which is . pickings place rapidly in this country, as the malaise has especially afflicted the young and the middle aged people.The increasing attraction towards the modern glamorous lifestyles, banging cars and bungalows, gorgeous dresses and jewellery has such effect on people that they would not hesitate to resort tovalues all means, unfair to acquire wealthiness and all luxuries of life. This disturbed obsession for reaching the top is the dream of everybody, and as such the moral and ethical values do not seem to have any place. morali ty is often defined as the doctrine of actions right or wrong it is synonymous with ethics.Moralists are selfless and preach justice in every line of business of life. If people tend to observe morals, they will constitute a healthy and sound society. Morality knows nothing of the geographical boundaries or distinctions of race or glossiness in modern age, the traditional values which are in themselves moral and symbols of rectitude, have been radically transformed. Most of the principles are in a flux and serviceman convictions based a rich human experience are in the melting pot.Obsessions with circumstances and the peculiar conditions prevailing in a region have proved so overpowering that everything else is thrown overboard. Excessive wealth does not necessarily promote culture and intelligence. In fact, the ostentatious and luxurious living that wealth promotes, causes a notable worsening in character and conception of values. Rarely do highly intelligent people, famous wri ters or artiest belong to rich families.Since wealth itself has the habit of diminishing fast, most of those who possess it go to any extent, even to the adoption of unethical practices and dishonesty to acquire more wealth. This leads to further decay and deterioration of character. Indias Poet Laureate, Rabindra Nath Tagore warned. Greed of wealth and power can neer have a limit a compromise on self-control can never attain the final spirit of reconciliation.

The Common Assessment Framework

The Common Assessment FrameworkThe Common Assessment Framework is used by various professionals and agencies to use unmatched process of share- break through information and integrate working on a offspring person (revise re-word more info) The CAF process is seen as a core fixings in integrated working and promotes more effective use of time used to assess five-year-old people, seen by many as a comprehensive and neutral system used by all agencies. The CAF emerged from the 2003 Green Paper E rattling Child Matters which marked a policy of the integration of practicians and services. (Wise, C, Harrison, R, 2005)Requirements in advance commencement the CAFAs undertaken the role of a youth worker I chose Candi (my 16 year old daughter who lives with her mother from a previous marriage) as the puppyish person I would like to help fill in the CAF form. In the case of the assessment undertaken for the assignment, it was explained to Candi the purpose and outcome of the assessme nt and she was not being formally assessed, and that the process was to critically evaluate the CAF and set out the module guide and shown to Candi, although unsure at first, Candi was happy to proceed. I choose Candi as the faecesdidate because of the situation of the young people who I practice with ar young offenders and because of their court dispositions, they identities need to be guarded and a majority of the young people categorically refused to take part.The question is asked of what led to the assessment of the young person which has to clear and an agreed statement by all involved and if any other agencies that are involved with the young person including the young person and families/carers.Key areas of the CAF is to try and engage the young person with families in the process and try and develop a better rationality of the process and indentify the young persons needs at the earliest perceivable stage, merely, with most agencies and services, a majority of familie s are reluctant and wary of sharing information especially if persons have been involved with any agencies and services in the past. This reluctance is why the young person and family must have the full understanding of the whole process and the benefits so the training of the practiti championr must be full and up-to-date (revise) however as a youth worker and assessing the young person, the practitioner has to keep own values and standards apart if Im talking to a particular person, it is not a question of trying to lead to my values, only much to try express close to different values (Smith, M, 1994)Candi has never been involved with any agencies before or assessed officially by any services before, when asked how she would finger intimately being formally assessed she said she would feel frightened and very nervous of the process and even with her mother present she would be frightened to grade the wrong thing in case of herself or parents into trouble.If on that point is two or more services involved with the young person, a team would be arranged around the child meeting and then the lead professional would be identified, (reword) however there is a reluctance to become the lead practitioner in the CAF process as that practitioner becomes the bench mark for any further doing taken by future agencys or professionals, the reluctance is out of fear of making mistakes from the pressure of lead practitioner. (revise)Current family and home situationWhile filling this section, Candi felt unsure how to answer the question and looked towards her mother for approval, before giving any personal details about family. This section rear end difficult for the young person if under 16 and a parent or carer is present, before the assessment is carried out, there are no details of the present family situation whether problems are evident or not, Candi lives as part of a one parent family with her younger sister who is 11 years old and times can difficult with lo oking after her while her mother works, however some young children come from broken homes with various amount of difficulties or living in childrens home, or with friends which only can build as the young persons anxiety. dominance involvement with young personThe assessment process used when carrying out can be very intimidating and very personal, however family or carer agree is crucial throughout as personal and private information is obtain, plus information of any agency involvement, doctors, health visitors, connexions and any educational provision and so-forth can to hard to ascertain at the time of the assessment with the young person. Candi found personal detailsThe process of the CAF tries to consider a Varity of ethical issues with over 30 answers to the question of ethnicity which can be a personal and confusing question to ask to ask a young person. So it is preferred to ask the family or young person to self define their ethnicity and no assumptions should be do by the practitioner. (revise)Development of the young personTo try and ascertain the development of the young person with worries/needs and strengths/resources a variety of information (revise) involving health, emotional and self esteem with among others which can be difficult to try and collect information about unless if in close contact through personal contact through different circumstances with a more impersonal atmosphere to get to sleep together the young person has a more trusting surrounding. Candi found this section hard to explain, especially about her emotions. Candi did not understand why these questions needed to be asked and their purpose. It was explained emotion needs are historic part of a young persons development and any worries or needs had to be ascertained in order to help the young person and not (revise)A majority of young people when asked about the Common Assessment framework and what the process was used for would be unsure unless the young person has be en explained what the process can be used to try improve areas of life improvement (revise) and improve personal development, however if explained how it whitethorn involve a child protection or safeguarding procedures if certain aspects should arise during the assessment process, which could cause concern to the young person, the young person could not be as forth-coming with personal information about family life in general, and especially if the parent or carer is involved in the process. However, the whole process is for the positive divine guidance welfare of the young person. (revise)Parents and carersInformation gathered in the section entitled Parents and carers involving information including basic care, emotion warm and boundaries for example can be very personal to the young person and the parent/carer could interfere with any question asked. As with most young people, personal information including emotions can be kinda hard to divulge especially if the young person is experiencing life stages including puberty and adolescence. (revise)Family and environmentalFamily and environmental functions including the benefit of the young person plus resources including education but financial consideration can a delicate subject however can give a valuable insight to family matters. Financial difficulty can cause an array of problems which influence social and personal development of the young person either by not enrolling into further education or by ascendance of parents/carers working unsociable and unpractical hours causing family disruption in the family home.(revise) Candi found this part difficult to fill in considering the relationship with ourselves and her mother being there during the assessment. I felt Candi did not answer the questions totally honestly and to her fullest (revise)Well-being scaleWell-being scale of the child/person by the assessor and the well-being scale 0-10 given by the parent/carer is also used too which can regarded as a redundant tool as a tote up of different factors can influence the scale however a general indication by the parent/carer on their opinion of the young persons well-being however it can never give a true reflection (revise)Improvement and reviewImprovement and review which includes the views of the parent/carer/young person (revise) tender persons goalsYoung persons personal goals and general view of assessment (revise)Practitioners goalsPractitioners goals and view of assessment (revise)Conclusions, solutions and actionsConclusions, solutions and actions is the table or a chance to indentify key areas for change with recommended actions by the whom and estimated time of action which should have all those involved working towards the same agenda and encourage families to what is happening as easier progress is to be made. Specific goals are to be made either short or long term but still be specific in the review time.The view and thoughts of the young person should be evident thro ughout the process and capture any comments which are relevant and helpful, adolescence is therefore seen, as youth workers, as a moment of questioning a moment in which young people reflect critically in their sense of self, their beliefs and values (Young, K, 1999 p.28)The CAF process can help identify needs at an early stage and help education authorities achieve better engagement with young person and with school attendance future academic ambition and help the young person improve health and family relationships with siblings and parents/carers.Noted on bottom of CAF form is a note of exceptional circumstances and significant maltreat to the young person which asks the question of following safeguard procedures if at any time the practitioner feels that there is an issue. Those who work with young people have a responsibility to safeguard and promote their welfare (C. Wise Harrison. R, 2005 p33), this is an important issue for any practitioner or person who works with a you ng and is an important responsibility and requires vigilance (reword) and attention to the young person who may not be fulfilling the needs and development potential. (C. Wise Harrison, R, 2005)

The Orems And Roys Model Nursing Essay

The Orems And Roys stupefy Nursing EssayThe purpose of the treat theories is to provide an interrelating model focusing on the breast feeding practice. The defined breast feeding theories promote kick downstairs patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings however, they play the important design of explaining the key concepts and principles of nursing practice in understanding way.Dorothy Orems Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roys Adaptation Model are considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a conceptual model, which identifies the focal point of nursing inquiry and guide the growing of mid-range theories that will become useful to nurses and also to other advantageouslyness professionals. check to Walker and Avant (2011), these theories contributed in concept ually sorting the nursing from the practice of medicine by demonstrating the presence of distinct nursing perspectives.This easy furnishes a comparison and contrast of Orems Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory with Sisters Callista Roys Adaptation Model in their importance to clinical practice. Roy put forward her theory of nursing in chemical reaction to motivation of her mentor Dorothy E. Johnson. After doing B.A. in nursing, she did her masters and PhD in sociology which has an move of her theory of nursing. In her concepts, soulfulnesss are purviewed as living adaptive governing bodys whose behaviors may be classified as adaptive responses or ineffective responses. These behaviors are refer open to internal and external stimuli and derived from regulator and cognitive mechanism. Her Model provides the framework for nurses by viewing the adaptability of patients to internal and external stimuli in their environments (Alligood Tomey, 2006.). Nurses work towards achievement of adaptive response by four adaptive modes Physical, Group Identity, Role Function, and interdependence. Nurses incorporate four modes by utilizing information about the individual, adaptive level and various stimuli. By doing so, nurses check these stimuli to promote adaptive responses and process of health by meeting the goal of survival, growth, reproduction and mastery. Dorothy Orems suggests that each person has a need for self care in order to maintain optimal health and wellness. Each person possesses the ability and responsibility for care for themselves. According to Orem, nursing becomes necessary when an individual push aside no retentiveer care for him or herself. Nursing provides care through acting, guiding, supporting, teaching, and environmental manipulation promoting personal development. Orem developed this theory from her experience and personal connection with the Vincentian-Louisiana nursing tradition of the Daughters of Charity (Libster, 2008.)Metaparadigm f or analysisThe metaparadigm for nursing is the concepts that define the nursing practice. Since 1970s, person, nursing, health, and environment are considered as the core concepts of nursing theories by many nursing theorists.PersonAccording to Orem, a person is made of a physical, psychological, and social character with variable degrees of self-care ability (Dorothea Orems Self, 2011.).Orem described the person as able to appraise situations, debate upon them, and reason and understand them. Based on this description, the person deliberately chooses to perform specific action, something he or she can do even in the nervus of internal and external pressure to the contrary. She further explains that actions are goal order that is, undertaken to achieve valued outcomes (Orem, 1980). This view of the person as self-determined, action oriented, and goal directed is captured in Orems portrayal of the person as agent or as having agency. In view of Whall and Fitzpatrick (2005) Orem ch allenged, to some extent, the more prevalent view of nursing that the person is an adaptive system and can be understood as adapting to his or her environment.Roy views a person as an adaptive system that responds to internal and external stimuli in their environments (Alligood Tomey, 2010). Within the adaptive model, person is described as an adaptive system, a whole made of parts that adapts to changes in the environment and also affects the environment. The mechanistic view of person is inconsistent with the holistic view espoused by Roy. However, Roy has positd that the focus on parts is only for descriptive purpose and that the model is based on a holistic view espoused by Roy. However, Roy has mentioned that the focus on parts is only for descriptive purpose.NursingOrem and Roy have the different attitude toward the concept of nursing. Orem sees nursing as an intervention to meet the daily needs for self-care and medical-care patients need (Dorothea Orems Self, 2011). Nursin g when defined in terms of focus (for knowledge and practice), is a specialized health care service necessitated by an individuals inability to maintain the amount and quality of self -care that is therapeutic in sustaining life and health, in recognizing disease from injury or in coping with their effects. Nurses create a Nursing-System as helping system in which the method of helping is determined by the degree to which the patient is able to accomplish his or her self-care requirements as explained by Whall and Fitzpatrick (2005, p 113).Roy believes nursing as a key player to help patients to develop coping mechanism and peremptory outcome from the constant stimuli exposure. Roys goal is for the patient to achieve adaptation leading to optimum health, well-being, quality of life, and death with dignity, and finding in life by dynamic in their own care (Andrews Roy, 1999.).Two aspects of nursing are unique to the model the two-level judicial decision in the nursing process and intervention as management of stimuli. The two-level assessment provides for the evaluation of the patients behavior (response) and the stimuli to which the person is responding. This notion is appropriate to the model that it focuses on person responding to stimuli. Nursing enhances adaptation through the use of nursing process, thereby promoting health through the management of stimuli or the strengthening of coping process (Andrews Roy).HealthOrem defines health as physical, mental and social well being (Dorothea Orems Self, 2011.). It adds to the complexity of Orems formulation that health is presented as an outcome of self-care and as one of the numerous factors that influence self-car agency and self-care demand. To clarify a person in a poor state of health is likely to have diminished self- care agency that add to persons self-care demand.Roy views health as a method used by patients to obtain their upper limit possible health, regardless of the presence or absence of disea se. Health is a state and a process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person. It can be viewed as a reflection of the interaction or adaptation of human adaptive systems within a changing environment as elaborated by Whall and Fitzpatrick (2005, p 148).EnvironmentOrem and Roy both state the individual experiences in an environment. Orem sees the environment in two dimensions, the physical, chemical, biologic features and socioeconomic features, which influence the self-care requirements of the individual (Dorothea Orems Self, 2011.) According to Roy, the environment consists of stimuli including conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding an individual, whether focal, contextual, or residual.Analysis for Use in PracticeOrems Self-Care Deficit Theory and Roys Adaptation Model can be applied to groups or individuals, and used at any nursing settings. However, Orems Self-Care Deficit Theory is more recommended for the acute-care setting, where a patient receives active but short-term treatment for a wicked injury or episode of complaint. Orem focuses on finding the self-care deficit of the patient and providing the necessary care to promote his or her well-being. Whereas, Roy is concerned with the different stimuli that forces adaptation in order to achieve optimal health. A nursing model provides the structure to guide practice by providing military commission for the nursing process. The adaptation model provides this direction based on its well developed guidelines for the use of nursing process. Simultaneous assessment of the behavior and stimuli leads to the identification of nursing diagnosis and the establishment of goal. The model provides the framework for intervention, which is focused on the management of the stimuli and management of the adaptive processes. Evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the intervention by examining the behavior. Roys Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system which includes the four adaptive modes. These adaptive modes are physiological-physical mode, self-concept-group identity mode, role function mode, and interdependence mode. Although first two modes can be identified immediately, the assessment of role function mode and interdependence mode is time consuming. It depicts that Roys adaptation model is more commensurate for chronic care settings. However, usefulness of the adaptation model in practice has been demonstrated in a variety of settings with diverse population (Alligood Martha, 2010). Furthermore, the expansion of the model offers a framework for systematic healthcare delivery to aggregate, do it more amenable to community health nursing (2010). The holistic approach of the model helps prevent putting too much emphasis on aspects of illness and allows for the inclusion of health promotion. It all adds in to the efficiency of the model in effectiveness of working on the nursing process and better patient outcome. along with its usefulness the hol istic assessment based on the model can be a lengthy and time consuming process. This concern has been found to be most problematic in intensive care units where there are rapid changes in patient condition and least problematic in long term care settings of the hospitals or health care organizations (Weiss et al., 1994).The adaptation model goes with the classification furnished by the the Statesn Nursing Association (ANA) that is, North America Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), that focus on the component of nursing process. The adaptation model incorporates the specific interventions and outcomes for the specific diagnoses (Wilkinson, 2000.). This adaptation model is more suitable to clinical practice by provision of the framework for the nurses to rehearse the art of nursing process explained in the model.It is clear from the above discussion that nursing theories promotes better patient care, bring positive impact on nursing practice and improves the overall nursing standa rd. Along with the directing the nurses to utilize evidenced based and well thought process of care, nursing theories guide in developing nursing educational programs, nursing administration and research pertaining to nursing profession.Many organizations now exist to support the patterned advance of nursing profession. Sigma Theta Tau internationalist, the Honor Society of Nursing, is created to support the learning, knowledge and professional development of nurses committed to making a difference in health worldwide (STTI Organizational, 2011.). It also worth mentioning that the two described models have professional organizations that have as their purpose to support and develop further in the models. International Orem Society promote the advancement of nursing skill and provide scholarship in the area of Orems Theory of Self-Care Deficit Nursing to lead to further advancement of knowledge for the discipline of nursing (International Orem, 2011.) The Roy Adaptation Associatio n (RAA) is a society of nursing scholars who want to advance nursing practice by developing canonical and clinical nursing knowledge based on the Roy Adaptation Model (Roy Adaptation, 2011.) These organizations along with progression of the nursing theories will promote the advancement of nursing science and enhance the nursing profession.

PESTEL analysis of Toshiba, Japan

PESTEL analysis of Toshiba, JapanToshiba Corporation is a company based in Japan that specializes in the wargonion of industrial and consumer electronic and voltaic yields including notebook computers (laptops), electro medical devices. LCDs, home appliances and semiconductors. It is among the oldest and amplest companies in Japan. Toshiba laptops be selected as the product to be marketed in Cuba.Cuba is a potential market because of the dynamics involved. It has the holy man cathode-ray oscilloscope ground for any company that aims at getting future high volumes of their products.B) Cubas HistoryChristopher capital of Ohio is credited with the disco rattling of the island of Cuba, an event that led to the colonization of Cuba by Spain. Despite this Cuba had been inhabited by indigenous people for centuries before the discovery. After the Spanish-Ameri bum war is that Cuba gained its independence and sovereignty in 1902 (Ritter, 2004, pp.47).In the early years of the Spanish o ccupation, many native Cubans were exclusivelychered or forced into slavery patch others died from the sm every pull round(predicate)pox and measles brought from Spain. The rest fled to the mountains to escape slavery. This led to the introduction of Afri bunghole slaves to work in the sugar cane plantations. Slavery and slave backing atomic number 18 exceedingly credited with taking the Cuban sugar industry to where it is today. The economic prosperity of Cuba began by and bywards Britain took over the island from Spain after the seven year war which ended in Britains favor. Trade regulations were eliminated and the path to prosperity was created.C) Geographical SettingLocationCuba an island that is located in the Caribbean Sea. The entire surface bea or island measures an estimated 48,800 squ atomic number 18 miles. The land has several highland regions the most notable of which ar the Guaniguanco, the Escambery and the Sierra Maestra. The island is located south fro m the famous Florida Keys (Cuba, 2010). The country has a coastline that extends for an estimated 3,700 kilometers. In relation to other countries, the country lies to the eastboundern side of the Gulf of Mexico and to the western side of the North Atlantic Ocean. The Yucatan Channel lies to the south east of Cuba.ClimateThe Cuban highlands, which argon about a third of the country, have an overbearing effect on the climate. The fact that the country is an island withal has ramifications on the tolerate and climate patterns experienced. The climate can be defined as equatorial climate with a dry period from the month of November lasting until April while the showery season lasts from May to around October. The country to a fault happens to lie at heart the path of major hurricanes and other destructive storms which are common in the months of folk and October. The average temperatures in Cuba vary between 23?C and 27C throughout the entire yearTopographyCuba has several archi pelagos but Cuba is the principal(prenominal) island. The island has a hilly or mountainous topography marked by several highlands such as the Sierra Maestra, the Escambery, and the Guaniguanco. The rest of the country is marked by plains the largest of which are in the provinces of Matanzas and Camaguey. The rest of the country is marked by coast lines.D) Social InstitutionsThe Cuban culture is a blend between African, American and European cultures. The European cultures were imported to Cuba courtesy of Christopher Columbus (Spain) and Britain. The American culture influence Cuba beginning from the period after the Spanish American war that rid Cuba of the Spanish colonists while the African heathenish influences as a result of the many slaves brought in to work in the plantations.1) FamilyThe family is an of the essence(p) social founding in any commonwealth, beau monde, or community. The stability of the family as an institution is reflected upon the wider society as the society tends to have better social institutions that borrow their moral fabric from the family. Cuba is no exception to these basic rules of nature. Most families in Cuba do it as extended families.a) The nuclear familyThe nuclear family had not had a very distinct role in Cuba until the post Fidel Castro era. The nuclear family is composed of a man, his wife, and their children. This path that in a rest home where there are three generations of a family, it is possible to have several nuclear families.b) The extended familyThe extended family is very important part of Cuban society. The family structure in Cuba is that up to three generations of a family live together in the same structure or household, a work out that makes it difficult to create a clear dividing line between the nuclear family and the extended familys role in the family setup. The leader or head of the family or the household therefore is the eldest parent figure in the family. This may be the grandfather or the Godmother within the family. He or she wields role over only(prenominal) the other family members and determines the role of each family member within the family.c) Dynamics of the family and parenting roles1) Parental Roles The role of parents is diverse depending on whether the family lives as an extended family or as a nuclear family. In the nuclear family setup, the father is the bread winner in the family while the mother is resigned to the role of care giver and is responsible for maintaining discipline within the family. In addition, family customs and traditions are passed down under the watch of the mother. In the extended family, the elder is in charge of the family. If the elder is a man, he is also the main breadwinner in the family though he is assisted by other family members. If the elder is a woman, she mainly serves as an overseer in the family and offers her guidance while the men in the family serve as the breadwinners.2) Marriage and Courtship The Cuban society still takes courtship as primarily the role of the man. Dowry is paid based on the individual customs of the bride. The weddings are angiotensin converting enzyme day glamorous events that showcase a lot of Spanish influence.2) Educationa) Education serves as a way of socializing the individuals into the ways of the society in a way that the family as an institution cannot. The educated people are the ones in positions of power and they are held in high regard within society.1) Primary, alternative and university education and literacy rateThe Castro political science made patriarchal education compulsory. In addition, school uni humankind figures are also a necessitatement for altogether students and are used to denote the grade level of a student. In the Cuban education corpse primary education takes six years. Secondary education is divided into two categories. The first category is the basic secondary education where students learn basic skills such as language, art, arithmetic, and the sciences. This follows primary education and is almost compulsory for all. The second category is the pre-university education which prepares one for entry into university. After the completion of pre-university education, the students are awarded what is referred to as the Bachillerato in Cuba (C.I.A 2010). It can be compared to a diploma in other education systems in other countries in the world. After the pre-university education, an individual has two options, to pursue either skilful education where one will gain skills to enable them gain employment or to pursue professional education at the university level.b) Literacy rate.The literacy levels in Cuba are flyer at 100% although the figure is disputed. The country also reports an enrolment/attendance rate of 98% in primary schools.3) Political systema) The political system in Cuba can be defined as socialist. The presidency has executive power which is vested in the Council of State and the Counc il of Ministers. The legislative role is assigned to the National hookup of peoples Power which is recognized by the constitution as having the highest authority in the country. No voting is done in respect of the positions of prime minister and president.b) The communist Party of Cuba is the leading social force of the nation (C.I.A 2010). thither is widespread censorship in Cuba with a system that is highly authoritarian. The communist party screens all candidates vying for seats in the legislative assembly.c) The occurrent government has been in power since 1959 when Fidel Castro ovethrew the dictator government. It can be described as stable because his successor, Raul Castro, has managed to keep the country at peace and with improved management.d) Special taxes not commone) Local government severely influenced by the ruling party4) Legal Systema) The main judicial organ is the Peoples Supreme Court. All judges according to the law are not subject to any other authority but the law. They can be elected or replaced and are accountable for their actions. Cuba has been sub divided into fourteen provinces which are further subdivided into 170 municipalities. Representatives to the municipalities and provinces are elected to serve equipment casualty that extend for two and a half years.b) The country is socialist.c) The authoritarian approach has affected patent and conventions. They are tightly regulated5) Social organizationa) The aim of groups which can lead to the creation of group behavior or culture is not a common occurrence in Cuba.b) The main aim of the government in relation to the existing social order is to create a classless society where income, race, sex or occupation are used as a definitive means of determining rewards or other favorable allocations.c) In addition, the government prohibits the formation of classes or clubs that may create lines along which the society may be stratified.6) Business in CubaTour guides, barmen, and waitresse s require to be tipped although there are no prescribed tipping place. Tipping allows for one to receive extraordinary service from the individuals receiving the tips. Business hours in Cuba are officially between half past eight and half past noon and half past one to half past four during weekdays. Some moving ines however opt to open during weekends where the hours of business are between 8 am and 5 pm for interchange Saturdays.E) Religion and aesthetics1) a) The low number of Protestants can be attributed to the late arrival of protestant doctrines and beliefs to Cuba.b) Cuba is also cognize to be home to other minuscule religions which have their roots in western Africa and the slaves who were taken from the region to work in the sugarcane plantations in Cuba.c) Cuba is for the most part considered as a catholic nation though the Catholic faith practiced within Cuba is modified to suit Cuba. There are also Jews and evangelical Christians amongst the population in the sta te.d) well-nigh 60% of the population is made up of catholic adherents while an estimated 6% are Protestants.e) Santeria which may be referred to as a cult has its origin in Nigeria in western Africa and is widely practiced in and around Cuba.2) Aestheticsa) Cuba has a strong heritage and history which reflects its visual arts potential.b) The country has numerous galleries, cultural centers, and art museums which have been used for the storage of artistic material from the citizens of Cuba. The government is supportive of art and is known to provide all kinds of assistance to artists in the country.c) medicinal drug dance and folklore in Cuba is very rich and displays the three main backgrounds that determine and continue to influence the Cuban society.d) There are influences of African, American, and Spanish elements that are derived from the fundamental interaction of Spaniards, Americans, and Africans in the history of Cuba.F) Living conditions1) a) Many surveys conducted show that Cubans on average consume too much sugar and eat inadequate fruits and vegetables. There are rising cases of diet related anemia and obesity which can be regulated or checked by simply a change of diet.b) A typical meal includes bread, ham, cheese, and rice and plenty of soft drinks with and between meals.c) The government cannot guarantee adequate nutrition for its population and this is considered as one of the failures of the Castro administration.d) The foods made on tap(predicate) to the public by the government are as follows rice, beans, cooking oil, plantains, brown sugar, milk and soy yoghurt which are provided on a monthly al-Qaeda to holders of ration cards. Other products such are chicken, beef, soy/meat blend and frankfurters are provided based on their availability.2) a) In Cuba, housing is relatively cheap but in the same breath the housing structures are sparse. Most dwelling places are either in poor condition or are bad in one way or another that makes them unsuitable for dwelling in.b) Most dwellings occupied on a rental basis. The houses have some form of supply of electricity and water and are therefore a bit habitable.c) In most cases houses are occupied are more than one family.3) The tropical wealthier requires light dressing to cope with the heat and humidity levels.a) A form of dress that can be identified with Cuba is the Havana shirt otherwise known as a Guayabera. The shirt has an array of designs but in general has two or four pockets and largely a casual dress that does not require the wearer to tuck into his trousers. There is a traditional dress made for women in place of the Guayabera and it is very popular all over Cuba although it has been rejected on grounds of being indecent in some cultures.b) The dress code at work is no different from that in many western countries. Employees/workers are expected to maintain a formal dress code.4) a) In leisure and recreation activities and sports, Cuba is well endowed. To begin with, Cuba is an ideal destination for hiking, snorkeling, climbing, fishing, and caving. The sport is used to play equality in society as well as freedom. The country also has rich soccer traditions among the Caribbean countries. Cubas national team has been to the FIFA world cup where they managed to fill out in the seventh position. The beach provided by the long coastline of Cuba provides ample grounds for leisure activities such as skiing, diving, swimming, and sun bathing which are common in almost all of Cuba.c) Most sports and recreational activities in Cuba are carried out in open spaces and often require little or no equipment. baseball for example is compete even on streets by children and thus very low amounts of income are channeled towards sports unless when organized sporting teams are involved and where there are competitions to be won at stake.5) Social protective coveringThe social security system in Cuba represents the general values of the wider society wher eby there is equality among all beneficiaries. There are no discriminations or preferential treatment for certain individuals based on sex, race, or gender. The Cuban social security system is very efficient. There are an estimated 360, 000 retirees within the population which represents close 10% of the population. Each of the retirees in Cuba is paid on a monthly basis. Under the social security system, the government through its social security system pays benefits to an estimated 1.5 million people on a monthly basis. The social security covers areas such as temporal illness, accidents, maternity, and social care for the elderly people within the population.G) LANGUAGE1) The main language used for communication is Spanish. The language was brought to the island by the Spaniards during the early occupation after Christopher Columbus discovered the island. Spanish is however recognized as the official state language of the people of Cuba.2) Other languages that are prevalent in Cuba are English and Creole which represent the different heritages and traditions of Cuba.3) It is important to note the Spanish that is spoken in Cuba varies in some cases from that spoken in Spain and other countries. This is largely because of the French and west African influences that have affected the language. English is mainly spoken as a result of tourist influences.II) ECONOMIC ANALYSISA) world1) The population of Cuba stands at an estimated 11.5 million people as of this year and will reportedly continue to grow at an estimated rate of 0.2%.a) The birth rate in the population is 11.1/1000 which is relatively low even amongst countries of the western world.b) The grandness rate for every woman is estimated as 1.43 children. This represents a drop in fertility rates which may explain why the harvest-tide in population has been very low for the last few years.c) Abortions in Cuba are also responsible for the population decline with an estimated 50 abortions for every 100 0 pregnancies in the population.2) a) The population is evenly distributed as only 103 people live in every self-coloured kilometer in Cuba.b) The life expectancy is relatively high at an average age of 77 years. The ethnic composition of the population is very vary though there are not many ethnicities.c) The population composition is such that the majority is men and boys for all ages but after the age of 65 years, the number of women outstrips that of men. This fact can only be explained by the lower life expectancy rate for men as compared to women.d) Many Cubans have in one way attempted or plan to attempt illicit migration with the most favored destination being the United States. The rest of the population has a majority that is intent on moving to urban areas. The situation is such that the larger portion of the population is housed in urban centers all over Cuba.e) Mulattos account for roughly half the population while whites account for 35% of the population. The rest o f the inhabitants is generally collected of blacks and Chinese with the Chinese forming the smallest ethnic group in Cuba.B) economical Statistics and activity1) Gross National Product/ Gross Domestic Producta) Cuba reported a gross domestic product per capita that stood at an estimated $111.1 billion.b) This translates to a per capita income of nearly $9,700 for the year 2009. The estimated real growth rate (nominal growth rate less inflation) was an estimated 1.4%. This is very ideal but there is plenty of room for improvement in particular since the growth rate or the GDP or even the per capita figures do not show the situation on the ground2) People live on less than the expected $9,700 per annum. Businesses publicly owned enterprises lies at 78% to a dismal 22% representing private enthronisation or privately owned enterprises.3) average out family income is dependent on the ratio of breadwinners to the relative size of the family.2008 estimates were $218.4) Distribution o f wealtha) Income classes. Three major classes exist, the highest is elect and military personnel. The second tier is business magnates and the last is the general workforce.b) Proportion of population to each class. The top tier is about 1/8ths of the total population, the second is and the rest is the general workforce.c) Priority is given to the elite classes and the military. The rest of the workforce is structured in respect to the demographics of income and position5) The country has deposits of cobalt, iron ore, nickel, copper, salt, manganese, silica, timber, petroleum and farming land.6) a) The transport system in Cuba comprises of nearly 4200 km of public railway network and a further 7700 km that is set aside for use by sugar cane producers. The highway network consists of nearly 61,000 km of tarmac spread all over the country.b) The country also boasts of waterways that extend for 240 kilometers. The country also has several ports that are used for commercial purposes. There are three main ports. There are also 170 airports as reported back in 2006c) Because Cuba is an island, the usage of waterways is a major transport form. Nearly half the population uses the train network to go to work. Only about a third drive to work.7) Communication Systemsa) Main types include Print newspapers, receiving set stations and television stationsb) Internet usage widespreadc) Media heavily restricted by the government8) Working conditionsa) 78% of employees work for the governmentb) high-priced employee-employer relationshipc) Employees entitled to benefits and good remuneration9) Principal industriesa) Petroleum, Construction, sugar, tobacco, nickel, pharmaceuticals, agricultural machinery and make cement accounted for about 37% of the total GDP.b) Principle industries include petroleum, Construction, sugar, tobacco, nickel, pharmaceuticals, agricultural machinery and steel cement Most industries are government owned. Estimated ratio of 2110) Foreign investme nta) Direct foreign investment is restrictedb) Potential for investment in Housing and food industries11) International trade statisticsa) 1) Major exports include sugar, tobacco, nickel, fish, coffee and citrus. At $ 2.4 billion.2) The trend for exports is posititve as the government opens up the Cuban providence to private companiesb) 1) Imports include food products, petroleum, equipment and machinery at $ 6.9 billion2) Imports are increasing referable to the growth in population and the demand for products and services.c) 1) Imports are more than exports passing a high balance of payments deficit. About $4.5 billion.2) Imports are more than exports leaving a high balance of payment deficit. Recent pronouncements by the Cuban government suggest a push towards closing this gap by increasing resource utilization.d) Exchange rates1) US dollar used mainly in foreign exchange2) Exchange rate at $ 1 US dollar equivalent to $ 0.9 Cuban convertible Pesos3) Due to the global recession, the countrys exchange rates are fluctuating and dipping with the global trend.12) Trade restrictionsa) Embargoes placed by United Statesb) Free trade only with Venezuelac) Import duties high depending on type of productd) the government is subject to tariffs affecting countries of the South American organization. These tariffs are on sugar and petroleum.e) Licensing of business restrictedf) Customs duties also high13) Extent of the economic activities not included in the cash income activitiesa) Counter trade present in the country1) Medical personnel used as main products of trade2) Barter trade commonb) Very little aid since US withdrawal14) Labor forcea) Available skilled labor force special since majority of the population is elderlyb) Unemployment rates low at 1.7%15) Inflation rates lowC) Developments in science and technology1) Highly developed2) Computers are wide spread. Low investment in research and development4) Labor force technologically skilledD) Channels of distrib ution (macro analysis)1) Trade in Cuba heavily controlled by the governmenta) Retail1) Poorly developed retail sector2) No large shopping centers3) Good stored are of poor quality and pricey4) Most tansations are done using cash.5) Goods sell in dollars in small scale with a small percentage sold on large scale.6) Chain stores, Department stores and speciality shops fill the supply gap the government cannot currently satisfy.b) Wholesale middlemen1) Supply chain of estimated 500,000.2) Mark-up of about 5% on products3) Goods sold on cash basisc) Import/export agent the government is the main exporter/importer.d) Most warehouses are fully owned by the government.e) The government has nearly 100% penetration of the markets through its expansive administrative networks.E) MediaMedia heavily controlled by the government1) Number of Television Stations 582) a) Television Sets per 1,000 236.1b) Number of radio receiver Stations 225c) Number of Radio Receivers 3,900,000d) Radio Receivers per 1,000 348.7.Number of Individuals with Internet Access 60,0003) The main use of media houses is for the spread of national ideas that the Communist party in charge in Cuba believes are ideal for the entire population.4) Any television or radio stations that go against the ideals supported by the party are closed down.5) There are an estimated 26 national newspapers serving the population of Cuba.Cuba Country Note BookIntroductionToshiba Corporation is a group of companies including Fujitsu, Mitsubishi electronic, Hitachi, and NEC Corporation. Toshiba relies more on domestic market constituting 60% of its net sales. The balance is taken care of by exports to North America, 16%, Asia 11%, and Europe, 10%. Since its formation in 1939, Toshiba has played a significant role in putting Japan in its current position in international trade.Business in CubaOfficial business hours range from 830 am to 12 30 pm for morning session and 130 pm to 4 30 pm for evening session. Weekends are how ever optional but those who operate open between 800 am to 500 pm on Saturdays (B8a, B8c).Marketing schema for Toshiba laptops (Notebook computers)TARGET MARKETToshiba Computers mostly manufactures high-end high-performance laptops. The main fag of the products would have to be the government and institutions. This is because of the entanglement of all business in the country with government policy and regulation. If the company can manage to get a foothold in the government by offering technological set pieces that accord due privacy and safety of information, then the company shall have overcome a huge barrier. The low per capita income suggests that the market would have to upper-middle class and this is mostly government officials and politicians (IIB).Teenagers and young below 30 would also be ideal as a segment for the laptops. This is because they are Tech-savvy and want more and better machines for work and play. The fast growth in computer and internet access can be furth er fuelled by Toshiba offering attractive high-performance laptops and computers. Institutions such as primary and secondary schools, as well as administrative institutions would make and ideal market for moving volumes in bulk (D2b). These places require many computers and laptops to fit in the current global trend.The current government led by Raul Castro is attempting to break the trade barriers ignited during Fidel Castros regime. The trade embargos by the United States do not affect Toshiba because it is a Japanese company(12A). This is good news for the company because the possibility of cut-throat competition is eliminated because American technology companies such as Apple cannot do business in Cuba (12A, 12D). politics policy would favor the company because it is inclusive and the business atmosphere does not vary so much from the Japanese model.The governments interests in arts and sports also require technology. In addition, the media is still backward in matters of tech nology (E1, E4). The secondary target markets would include such aspects of society as media and transport as the country moves towards a technological revolution of sorts.Marketing is aimed at awareness creation and forming good relationship with customers to the companys advantage. Marketing strategy is therefore very important as some(prenominal) the strategy used can either be profitable or destructive to the company. A marketing strategy that utilizes 4Ps that is Product, Promotion, Price and place respectively is ideal for products such as computers.Although, no trade partnership currently exists between Japan and Cuba, the country is a potential export destination for notebook computers. Cuba is highly literate thus can easily embrace the use of notebook computers. Students especially those at pre-university, University and other higher education institutions form the best target market for this product. Besides, the working population including teachers and doctors will fin d laptops essential hence another potential target market.ProductProduct refers to either good or service produced or manufactured by accompany especially under large scale with accurate amounts. This involves a description of all the special features of the product in question.Toshiba mini laptop has a full size keyboard and touchpad for easy typing. Its 10.1 diagonal screen is large enough for the eye leave alone its long-wearing textured four color finish. Its battery has a long life of up to eight hours. It also has attractive features handle USB Sleep-and Charge, MP3 player and smart bring forward hence very convenient for youths. It is also video compatible and its CPU ensures more data storage and faster Internet connection (C1).PromotionIn this case Toshiba can place advertisements in Cuban media. This of course will require first good relationship with Cuban government as it controls all media houses. The company can also take advantage of the widespread internet usage a nd advertise its product online. Toshiba can also promote its laptops through public relation measures like sponsoring sports where it is guaranteed to catch the attention of most youths (C3). Alternatively, Toshiba can take advantage of the widespread internet access in Cuba to engage in e-commerce by placing its product in virtual internet stores.PricingConsiderations should be given to prices of similar products in the market. Price administration on the other hand refers to involves all activities used to fit basic prices for every target market depending on sales situations. The exchange rates are also attractive for such a company (11b1, 11d2)PlaceThe company can develop partnership with Cuban government to ensure that its product is placed in Cuban government stores like shopping malls. It is also possible for Toshiba through good relationship with Cuban government to find its own store for its product (D1). Rhiw location demographics will also affect the places where it can be marketed.

Essay --

The term Robot is a Czech word, which was coined by Karel Capek meaning forced labor. A braggy number of robots these days are knowing for performing repetitive manufacturing sue which is complicated, hazardous and monotonous for humans to perform. The foremost basis for the advancement in the electron orbit of robots hand is replication of the human hands operationality and manifestation. The research in this field progresses ever since the word Robot was coined in the breeze Rossums Universal Robot. The objective of this paper is to study the challenges faced while designing the Dexterous Anthropomorphic Robotic Arm to all the Researchers and students. The robots could be very breakal for the handicapped and physically weak and fragile people because their sole inadequacy is overcome with the robots in the form of robotic arm or prosthetic leg. Previously the robots which were designed were massive, colossal, unreliable, non- materialistic and expensive to the operator, s o the researchers are trying to make the robots system compact at the same time inexpensive and it must convince the safety parameters for the operator. This look back paper aims at suggesting some concrete solutions to the difficulties encountered so far.This paper discusses the development and advances of the Exoskeleton robots and the Dexterous Anthropomorphic Robots. The parameters in comparison are-1.Force Reflection function in the field Teleoperation2.Various actuation types3.Different sensors based on the applications4. Complexity in the design5.Flexibility of the model.Service robots are machines intended to work for human beings (like the industrial robot) and with human beings. The application of service robots in Real Time Operating Situations... ...r limb exoskeleton arm with 3-DOF shoulder joint and a 1-DOF elbow joint joint for strengthening the upper limb muscle of the patients with impaired hands. Their design allowed the patients to complete their physiotherapy sessions plus the arm prevented the patients from getting injured due to increase fluctuations of the inertial forces. This upper limb helped to recover the muscle strength because of its compactness and inexpensive design.Kang and Wang 16 improvised Tzong-Ming et.al 15 design with improved safety and with more DOF employing Adaptive support Technique. The human arm movement is nonlinear in nature so controlling the robotic arm linearly would have been very unrealistic in the real world situations so, their idea was to control the robotic arm nonlinearly by online updating the information provided by an adaptive viewer without any extra sensors.

Moses as an Inspiational Figure Essay -- essays research papers

I think Moses was a very inspirational character and in this essay I am going to talk a eccentric on the message of Moses and why by the worlds major religions he is seen as an inspirational figure and one of the best leaders and prophets. He was born in Egypt to a Jewish mother, Yochevet. When Moses was born the Hebrew?s were slaves in Egypt. Pharaoh was afraid of them because he thought they might take over his country. He ordered that in all Hebrew baby boys be killed at birth so that they would not grow up and fight against him. To save Moses his mother made a plan. She hid him in a basket by the side of the River Nile. Moses sister Miriam watched over him until Pharaohs young woman came to the river to wash. She found Moses in his basket. Miriam told her she knew a woman who could be a nurse for the baby. It was his mother. Pharaohs daughter took him back to live with her as though he were her son. Moses grew up as an Egyptian prince, but he never forgot he was a Hebrew. One twenty-four hours Moses lost his temper and killed an Egyptian who had beaten a Hebrew slave to death. This proves he...