Hamlet: What If

He would then later not have seen Aphelia being carried off into her grave. Here Hamlet fought with Alerts about how many crocodiles that they would eat to prove their love to Aphelia. Alerts would not have been back if Aphelia and Polonium had not died. This anger during this funeral lead This duel is an integral part of the play because of the very many events that occur in correlation to one another. Prior to the duel, Claudia and Alerts set up the several ways and backups for Hamlet to be killed. First they poisoned and sharpened the epee that Alerts would use.If Alerts did not strike Hamlet, they would use a poisoned chalice that Hamlet could drink from between rounds. During the duel, Hamlet wins the first two rounds (which does not matter), refusing the chalice twice. If he did not refuse, then Gertrude would have never drank from it, killing herself. A controversial topic is why she drank from it. Did she not know better? Was she suicidal? Did she do it to save Hamlet? Hamlet knew that Claudia was out to get him after his mother died to the poisoned chalice that was offered to him.In the third round, in the confusion of rage, he is poked by Alerts' poisoned epee. â€Å"It is here, Hamlet. Hamlet, thou art slain; No medicine in the world can do thee good. In thee there is not half an hour of life. The treacherous instrument is in thy hand, Unabated and envenomed. The foul practice Hath turned itself on me. Lo, here I lie, Never to rise again. Thy mother's poison's. I can no more. The King, the King's to blame. â€Å"Knowing the imminence of death, Hamlet then killed King Claudia of Denmark using he poisoned epee out of revenge for both of his parent's.Alerts dies also from the poison-point. Hamlet is the last to die from the poison, in Hortatory arms, naming Fortifiers the new king of Denmark. This is the only way the duel scene could have played out, the only variables were Gertrude drinking the poison (and her knowledge of it) and Hamlet getting poke d by Alerts' poisoned point. If Gertrude DID know about the conspiracy to kill Hamlet, she could have been possible for to have thrown herself in front of Alerts' point. Either way, she would not have gotten out alive.If here was no way for her to live, then Hamlet would have always killed Claudia. If Hamlet did not get poisoned, then he would have ruled Denmark. However, the â€Å"hero† living at the end of a tragedy is not characteristic of Shakespearean plays. Hamlet would have probably killed himself at the end, anyways, with his mother, lover, and still yet his father, dead. Shakespeare was well aware of how multiple outcomes could play out and probably made a hundred drafts of his play, trying to make it the most attention- grabbing possible. He, as proven, had most definitely succeeded in doing so.

Organization Study Essay

INTRODUCTION Organization study is â€Å"the examination of how individuals construct organizational structures, processes, and practices and how these, in turn, shape social relations and create institutions that ultimately influence people†, organizational studies comprise different areas that deal with the different aspects of the organizations, many of the approaches are functionalist but critical research also provide alternative frame for understanding in the field. An organization is a group of persons formed to seek certain goals. Each and every organization has its own importance in the wealth of nation. Different organization meets different products and services. In this fast changing business scenario, it is the imperative for every aspirant of business to have a vivid understanding of the functional application of the new age business. The organization study undertaken as a part of the curriculum was done at â€Å"The Kerala Kerakarshaka Sahakarana Federation Ltd (KERAFED)†, Thiruvananthapuram. This study provides an opportunity to expose the students to an industry /organization and its operational conditions. This study also aims at having a better understanding of various departments and its functioning. This report consists of a detailed study of the history of the company, product profile, organizational hierarchy, various departments and their functioning etc. This study proved to be fruitful by familiarizing us to the organization and at the same time it also helped us to create practical awareness. KERAFED’s main product is ‘KERA’ coconut oil – the purest, healthiest and tastiest cooking oil. The federation started commercial production in 1993. KERAFED’s coconut oil production plant is in Karunagapally in Kollam district. The head office of KERAFED is in Thiruvananthapuram. Regional office in Ernakulum and mobile units are at Malappuram. KERAFED one of the largest coconut oil producers aims at an integrated development of coconut and coconut products. Production plant of KERAFED is having the facilities for processing of copra, extraction and packing. Processing is done through most sophisticated processing facilities. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To study about the organization and how it functions. To learn the working of various departments. To understand how the theoretical aspects are put to practice in the organization. To assess the marketing efforts adopted by the company. To study about the organizational culture. To study various production levels and units. To study the financial activities of the company. To study the overall functioning of the company. It aims to understand the flow of authority inside the organization. To identify and evaluate the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats faced by organization. INDUSTRY PROFILE The coconut palm is one of the most valuable plants to man. In Sanskrit the coconut palm is called â€Å"kalpa vriksha†, which roughly translated means â€Å"Tree of Life†. In India, it provides livelihood to about 10 million people through various activities from its cultivation to processing of its products. All the parts of the coconut tree can be put to useful purposes- the roots, the trunk, the wood, leaves, the blossom and all the parts of the nut. Two major classes of coconut palm are typically recognized on the basis of structure: tall and dwarf. The ones most commonly planted for commercial purposes are the tall varieties, which are slow to mature and first flower six to ten years after planting. They produce medium-to-large size nuts and have a life span of sixty to seventy years. The dwarf varieties may have originated as a mutation of tall types. The dwarf variety may grow to a height of twenty five to thirty feet and begin flower after three years, when the y are only about three feet tall. Their life span is only about thirty years. INDIAN EDIBLE OIL INDUSTRY The climate conditions in India favors of a variety of oil seeds. On the demand side, a growing population and vastly varied directory habits have ensured a thriving market for Edible oil in the country. In India, the fasts of animal origin are seldom used as a cooking media; the term vegetable oil is used as a synonym for Edible oil. Thus, Edible oil is a major source of nutrition for the people and oil cakes, which are by-products of oil extraction process and are important sources of animal nutrition. Oil seeds in India account for around 5.0% of the Gross National Product (GNP) and 14.0% of the country’s area under cultivation of crops. Castor, Groundnut, Mustard, Sunflower etc. are some of the major oil seeds grown the rise in oil seeds production has been stimulated by increase in production of soya been and groundnut crops. India produces10% of the world’s oil seeds, but has a low productivity around 850-900 kg per hectare. The oil seeds take their place, next only to food grains, has the second largest agricultural crop. The cultivation of oil seeds in India is spread over various states. In Jan1989, the Government announced an integrated oil policy which emphasizes on the introduction of moved technology and incentive price to the Production Programmed through the technology mission on oil seeds. GLOBAL SCENARIO The oil and fat industry consists of processors of vegetable, animal and marine products that convert these products into edible oils and fats usually sold as food products in their own right or sold as ingredients for further processing into other food products. In India, the facts of animal origin are seldom used as cooking media. Edible oil is a major source of nutrition for the people and the oil cakes which are by-products of the extraction process are important sources of animal nutrition. Vegetable oils are extracted from the fruits, flowers and seeds of plant and essentially have the same constituent but its propositions may vary. The principle vegetable oils are palm, sunflower, corn, groundnut, cotton seed etc. Among these oil seeds copra or coconut production is only 1%. The crop plays a dominant role in the socio-economic and cultural life of the growers. Indonesia, Philippines and India are the top three leading producers of coconut oil. 3.5 million Tones of coconut oil are produced annually around the world. Coconut Industry in India Coconut palms are grown widely in the coastal tracts of the country. The coconut economy of India is in a convenient status. India accounts for 22.34 percent of the world’s coconut production and is one of the major players in the world’s coconut trade. Currently the crop is 1.91 million hectares with an annual production of nearly 13000 million nuts. Copra processing, coconut oil extraction and coir manufacturing are the traditional coconut based industries in the country. The price of the coconut in the country is dependent on the prevailing price of coconut oil which is characterized by recurring violent fluctuations. The behavior of coconut oil price is relatively dependent on overall supply of oils and fats in the country. The fluctuation in the price of the coconut oil simultaneously reflects on the price of coconut. The volatile price situation often ends in the negligence of the coconut gardens, leading to attack of pests and diseases and low productivity. Of the range of ways, promoting cost effective coconut based farming system, product diversification and value addition play a crucial role in the stabilization of the coconut oil driven domestic market and is essential for reorienting and engineering the Indian Coconut Industry cost effective and globally competitive. The Coconut Development Board has been playing pivotal role in promoting viable coconut based farming system, on-farm processing and products development. The production and marketing of value added products have started attracting commercial interest and the situation brought rejuvenation in the sector. The market promotional measures undertaken in pursuit of the popularization of health benefits of coconut oil and tender coconut water have attributed a stimulating effect on the less dependency of coconut oil driven coconut economy. There has been a well defined network in the country to undertake the R&D of coconut. The State Agricultural Universities, ICAR Institutes, Agriculture/Horticulture Departments of States/UTs, organizations like NAFED, KERAFED etc. and private institutions contribute to the pursuit of the research and development process of coconut in the country. STRENGTH OF INDIAN COCONUT INDUSTRY India is one of the leading producers of coconuts in the world, producing 13 billion nuts per annum. The coconut areas are distributed in 18 states and three Union Territories under different agro-climatic conditions. India has 3000 years tradition in coconut cultivation. It is the premier coir manufacturing country in the world. India is the producer of best grade milling copra in the world yielding high grade coconut oil known for its aroma and flavor. Large number of farmer’s co-operative societies in primary processing and marketing. Government agencies such as KERAFED, State Trading Corporation, Kerala State Marketing Federation and Karnataka State Marketing Federation in manufacturing and marketing of branded coconut oil in small packs. Hundreds of reputed and established private firms in manufacturing and marketing of various coconut products including branded coconut oil in small packs. ïÆ' ¼There are wide ranges of coconut products both edible and non-edible available for export. Technical know-how and trained manpower for the manufacture of various coconut based products. There is an availability of research support by reputed research organizations such as CSIR, ICAR and DRDO. Coconut Products in India A large number of coconut products are manufactured in the country which have both domestic and export market. Vinegar and soft drink are manufactured in the country from coconut water. Tender coconut water is another product which is manufactured and marketed successfully. Coconut Products Coconut Oil Coconut oil makes up about 20% of all vegetable oils used in the world. Copra, the dried kernel is the chief commercial product from coconut, which is mainly used for oil extraction. Coconut oil is made from fully dried copra having maximum moisture content of 6%. For the extraction of oil from copra the common method still prevailing in our country is by using rotary chucks. But the efficient system of extraction of oil is by the use of expellers. Coconut oil is an important cooking medium in Southern parts of the country especially in Kerala State. Besides, the oil has varied industrial applications. It is used in the manufacture of detergents, hair tonics, cosmetics and toilet soaps, laundry soaps, and surface active agents. It is used throughout the country as hair oil as it helps growth of the hair. As massage oil it has a cooling effect on the body. Owing to these qualities coconut oil has a potential market in the country. Since the price of a coconut oil in the international market is very much lower than the domestic price, the quality and attractiveness of consumer packs are important factors to compete in the world market. While the demand for coconut oil for cooking purpose is elastic, its demand as hair oil is inelastic. Coconut oil is marketed in bulk as well as in packs ranging from sachets containing 5 ml to 15 kg tins. The branded coconut oil in small packs is mainly marketed as hair oil and body oil. There are several brands known for their superior grade oil which have export market throughout the world. India has unbeatable quantity advantage in this sector. Refined coconut oil is also manufactured in the country for industrial uses. Refined coconut oil is mainly used in the manufacture of biscuits, chocolates and other confectionary items, ice cream, pharmaceutical products and costly paints. Generally, filtered coconut oil is used for cooking and toiletry purposes. Virgin Coconut Oil Virgin Coconut Oil is also made in the country from the milk extracted from raw kernel. This is done on a small scale by the traditional method which is now partially mechanized or on a large scale by adopting wet processing technology. Coconut milk is fermented and then by mechanical process, water is separated from oil. No heating or application of sunlight or dryer is done for the process. The virgin coconut oil is free from Trans fatty acid, high in medium chain fats known as lauric acid, which is identical to special groups of fats found human breast milk and also rich in vitamin-E. High quality of this oil makes it ideal massage oil for babies and also for skin and hair applications. APPLICATIONS Cooking Coconut oil is widely used in cooking, the refined oil is one most commonly used. Manufacturing Coconut oil is used in volume quantities for making soap and cosmetics. Hydrogenated coconut oil is often used in non-dairy creamers, and snack foods. ïÆ' ¼Fractionated coconut oil is used in the manufacture of essences, massage oils and cosmetics. Coconut oil is an important component of many industrial lubricants, for example in the cold rolling of steel strip. Cosmetics and skin treatments Coconut oil is excellent as a skin moisturizer and softener. Coconut oil is used for styling hair, and cooling or smoothing the head. As a fuel- Traditional use Coconut oil is used in oil lamps. In diesel engines Coconut oil has been tested for use as a feedstock for biodiesel to be used as a diesel engine fuel. In this manner it can be applied to power generators and transport using diesel engines. Raw coconut oil can be used as a fuel for generating electricity by remote communities that has an abundant supply of coconuts and milling capacity, provided diesel engines are adapted. Health effects Studies have found that coconut oil can help in weight loss and poison recovery. Nutritional/Medicinal Easy digestibility and absorbability. Ideal energy source in baby foods. Contains Vitamin-E. Composed mainly of short and medium chain fatty acids which have desirable qualities and functions. Does not contain cholesterol. Reduced fat accumulation in body. Easily oxidized and therefore a preferred energy source. Requires no transport system to absorb, digest and metabolize. Very low content of Omega 6 fatty acid. Studies undertaken by the Biochemistry Department, University of Kerala showed that coconut oil: Does not elevate blood total cholesterol Increases blood HDL cholesterol Consumed along with coconut kernel lowers blood cholesterol Copra Copra is the dried meat or kernel of the coconut. Copra making can be defined as the systematic process through which the fresh meat coconut containing 50 to 55% moisture is dried in sun or other sources of to bring down the moisture content 5% to 6% only. Eleven to twelve month old nuts are utilized for copra making to obtain the optimum output of better quality copra. The nuts are first husked to remove the fibrous outer layer of the husk. The husked nuts are then split into halves and the water is drained off. These halves are then kept for half an hour with the open side turned down to ensure that entire water is drained off, if this is not done, some moisture will be retained which will in turn lead to deterioration of copra. The halves or cups are now ready for drying, which should invariably start within 4 hours after breaking. Two types of copra namely milling and edible are made in India. Milling copra is used to extract oil while edible grade of copra is consumed as a dry fruit and used for religious purposes. Milling copra is generally manufactured by adopting sun drying and artificial means. Substantial quantity of milling copra is manufactured using modern hot air driers resulting in the availability of superior quality copra which is required for the manufacture of best grade coconut oil. A good number of farmers’ co-operative societies are also involved in the manufacture and marketing of milling copra. Milling copra is available in different grades. Edible copra is made in the form of balls and cups. Different grades of edible copra are available in the market according to the size, color etc. Quality of copra is determined based on moisture content and extend of inferior type of copra. Inferior types of copra are generally: Mould effect Immature or rubbery copra made from immature nuts. Insect attacked copra. Discolored copra. Good quality copra is one which contains not more than 6% moisture. Coconut oil is obtained by crushing copra and most efficient method of extraction is by using expeller. Methods of extraction of oil Various methodsYield of oil Chucks58% – 60% Rotary Mills 62% – 63% Expellers63% – 65% Source: Annual report Coconut Cake Coconut cake is the residue left after the extraction of oil from copra which is mainly used as a cattle feed. Coconut cake contains 4 – 5 percent oil which is extracted by solvent extraction process. This oil is generally used for industrial purpose and de-oiled cake is used to make mixed cattle feed. There are a few such units in the country especially in Kerala. NAFED National agricultural co-operative marketing federation, which was organized in 1958, represents the entire marketing structure at the national level. It was established with the object of coordinately and promoting the marketing and trading activities of the members in agricultural and other commodities. Their main objectives are:- ïÆ' ¼To make arrangements for the supply of agricultural requirements of its members. ïÆ' ¼To promote interstate and international trade in agricultural and other commodities. ïÆ' ¼To render advice and technical guidance to its members. The main aim of NAFED is to assist the marketing of cooperatives in the states to develop their marketing businesses. In order to achieve this NAFED adopts various strategies with a view to ensure better returns to the farmers. It undertakes price support operation, buffer stocking, export and import of commodities etc to balance production with consumption. When the government of India formulates policies for support price in respect of certain commodities, it appoints NAFED as its agency for procurement. Coconut Day (2nd September) September 2nd of every year has been designated as coconut day as per the decision of Asian and Pacific Coconut Community head quarters at Jakarta, Indonesia. Foundation day of APCC also falls on 2nd September. A major coconut growing countries including India are the members of the APCC. The celebration of the annual coconut day is aimed at creating more awareness on the importance of the coconut and focusing world attention to this crop to enhance its potential in alleviating poverty, encouraging investment in the sector and promote total development of coconut industry in the member countries. In India coconut development board is taking the lead in the annual celebration of the coconut day. COMPANY PROFILE â€Å"Kerala Kerakarshaka Sahakarana Federation Ltd†, (KERAFED) was registered under the co-operative societies Act in 1987, with assistance of European Economic Community, National Cooperative Development Corporation and the government of Kerala. KERAFED is the Apex Cooperative Federation of coconut farmers in Kerala and is the largest producer of coconut oil in India. The federation started commercial production in 1993. The head office of KERAFED is located in Thiruvananthapuram. KERAFED’s coconut oil complex at Karunagapally in Kollam district is one of the biggest such units in India, with a capacity of 200 tons per day. The primary objective of KERAFED is to organize coconut growers by bringing them under the cooperative umbrella and to provide them with all supplies and services to augment their income base by increased productivity and value additions through the integrated system of production achievement, storage, processing, diversification and marketing of coconut oil and all/any products of coconut palm at a price remunerative to growers and fair to consumers. As the coconut farmers in Kerala were reeling under the strange hold of powerful country trade cartels that consistently manipulate market conditions and dictate price trend to their advantage, KERAFED aimed at procurement of 50% to 60% of the total coconut/copra produced in the state which will be processed at its own processing unit and marketed. KERAFED is the single largest procurers of coconut/copra produced in Kerala from 900 societies all over the state. KERAFED has a good distribution network consisting of stockiest, dealers and suppliers. The Objectives of KERAFED are: To reduce edible oil imports. To provide an impulse effect on internal production of coconut. To develop the agricultural potential of Kerala State. To strengthen the co-operative movement To secure the marketing of coconut and its by-products, thereby assuring economic prices to the growers. ïÆ' ¼To establish and manage infrastructure facilities for production and supply of inputs and processing, manufacturing and marketing of products and by products of coconut palm. ïÆ' ¼To undertake research and development activities on production, processing and marketing. Thus to increase the income of 29 lakh farmers’ families and create employment opportunities in the industrial sector. For effectively and efficiently carrying out the administrative and operational practices on a day to day basis, the state is divided into three region, the southern region, the northern region and central region. The southern region consists of the revenue districts – Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha. The northern region consists of Malappuram, Kozhikode, Wayanad, Kannur and Kasargode districts. The central region consists of Kottayam, Idukki, Eranakulam, Thrissur, Palaghat districts. 300 primary agricultural credit cooperatives societies in each region are members of the federation to undertake production, procurement, marketing activities at the farmers’ level. For processing and product diversification, each region will have one processing plant with a capacity 200 tons of copra per day. MOTTO To give support to the coconut farmers. Distributing or providing healthy coconut oil to customers VISION To become the single largest Procurement agency of Copra and the biggest Coconut Products manufacturing Company in India. MISSION Being the number one producer of the best quality coconut oil, it aims at the following areas Business Customer relation Innovation

A Father Son Alcohol Addiction

Speech to Explain Outline Topic: Attraction Specific Purpose: To explain to the class why we may become attracted to someone and what happens in our body when we are. Thesis: There are certain theories as to why we become attracted to someone. When we are attracted to someone, our brains release specific chemicals, and we subconsciously let the person know we are attracted through body language. Introduction: Your heart starts to race. You fix both your hair and your shirt. Your pupils dilate and your brain releases dopamine and adrenaline.What’s going on with you? You have a crush on someone and this is your body’s response to seeing and being around that person. I’m positive that we all know what this feels like. Since spring is upon us, leading to warmer weather and more exposed skin, I’m going to discuss a topic that we’re all familiar with around this time of the year: attraction. More specifically, I’m going to explain 1) theories as to why we become attracted to a certain person 2) what happens in our brains when we develop an attraction to someone, and 3) the physical signs of attraction.Trans: Let me start off by saying that attraction is defined as â€Å"the action or power of evoking interest, pleasure, or liking for someone or something†. That being said, let’s go over how it all starts: the reasons why we may become attracted to someone. * Most physical attraction starts with superficial qualities. * According to British scientist Charles Darwin’s Evolutionary Theory, men and women look for partners who exhibit fertility and health through their physical features so they can procreate. Men are more attracted to a woman with an hour glass figure * This is body type is a sign of sexual maturity because when girls go through puberty, they get fat deposits in their breasts, hips and butt. This creates a smaller looking waist, creating the hour glass figure. * Represents a high reproductive potential. * Women are more attracted to a man with broad shoulders and a narrow waist (â€Å"V† shaped body). * Men with this body type are seen as more dominant. * This body shape is also linked to greater levels of testosterone and good health. Women are also more attracted to older men, because with age comes more resources. * The evolutionary theory doesn’t take personality, facial features, and expressive style into account. * How a person identifies themselves can play a role in why they become attracted to someone. This is called the Matching Hypothesis. * Proposed by Elaine Hatfield, pioneer of the scientific study of romantic love and sexual desire, this theory is states that â€Å"people will choose someone of their own level of social desirability† when making dating and mating choices. If you think you’re a 10, you’re going to pursue 10’s. If you think you’re a 6, you’re going to pursue 6’s. * Fun fact: It o nly takes about a second to decide if you’re physically attracted to someone. (Too short, too tall, too skinny, etc. ) TRANS: The evolutionary theory and the matching hypothesis are just two possible explanations as to why we may develop a physical attraction to someone, both dealing with superficial qualities. Now let’s take a look at what’s going on in our brains when we become attracted to someone. The brain is responsible for being attracted to someone, not the heart. * The brain releases 3 chemicals called â€Å"monoamines† when attracted to someone. * Dopamine is a chemical that when released, gives you a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction. * When attracted to someone, it can be released when you see that person, when you talk to them, when they touch you, etc. * It is also released when eating chocolate and doing cocaine. * Helen Fisher, Rutgers University anthropologist & expert on romantic love, states that the brain processes attraction the sa me way it would an addiction. Norepinephrine is a hormone that, when released, increases our heart rates and makes us start to sweat. * It is related to adrenaline (â€Å"fight or flight† response) * Gives us those butterflies in our stomach, leaves us breathless. * Serotonin is a chemical that gives us a feeling of calmness and togetherness. * During the initial stages of attraction serotonin levels are low, which explains why we can’t eat or sleep or think about anything other than the person we’re attracted to. * Levels of serotonin rise when the attraction starts to progress into a relationship.The downside to this is that there is a lack of excitement in the relationship. TRANS: So, as the brain releases these chemicals, our bodies will show signs of these chemical and hormonal releases. Now I’m going to go over the physical signs that occur when you are attracted to someone. * An attraction to someone will manifest itself through body language * You r pupils will dilate * Dilation occurs because the release of dopamine when seeing an attractive person excites the nerve endings in your pupils, causing them to dilate. You start to mirror the other person’s actions * Body language mirroring happens subconsciously when you’re attracted to someone and things are going well. * If your crush leans in on the table, you will lean in on the table, if they cross their legs, you’ll cross your legs. * A 2009 study found that in a speed dating scenario, a woman who mimicked the actions of her date made the date a more positive and memorable experience in the man’s opinion. [Gugen] * You start to fix your appearance When you are or are expecting to be around your person of interest, you start to make yourself as visually appealing as possible. * For women, this could mean fixing your hair, adjusting your make up, showing off some skin. * For men, this could also mean fixing their hair, and adjusting their clothes. Trans: So, now that you know what some signs of a crush are, hopefully you can identify when someone’s attracted to you or not. Conclusion: To review, the evolutionary theory and the matching hypothesis are two possible explanations behind why we can become attracted to someone.Our brains release three chemicals when we are around the person we like, and our body language can give away if we are interested in a certain person. Now that you know a little bit about what goes on with our bodies, you can be better prepared the next time you develop an attraction to someone. Thank you. ‘Works Cited Dingfelder, Sadie. â€Å"More than a Feeling. †Ã‚  More Than A Feeling. N. p. , n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. . Hatfield, Elaine. Matching Hypothesis. Http://www. elainehatfield. com/ch108. pdf. N. p. , n. d. Web. â€Å"The Look of Love: Top 5 Physical Signs of Attraction.   HowStuffWorks. N. p. , n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Love Potion No. 9: Top 5 Love Chemicals in the Brain. †Ã‚  HowStuffWorks. N. p. , n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. Nicolas, Guegen. â€Å"Mimicry and Seduction: An Evaluation in a Courtship Context. †Ã‚  Taylor and Francis. N. p. , n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. . Riggio, Ronald. â€Å"Which Body Types Are Most Sexually Attractive. †Ã‚  PsychologyToday. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. . â€Å"The Science of Love. †Ã‚  BBC News. BBC, n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. . â€Å"Social Psychology. †Ã‚  SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013.

Evolution of lactase gene in homo sapiens Term Paper

Evolution of lactase gene in homo sapiens - Term Paper Example Genetics and molecular studies of genes presently and in the past are pointing towards an evolutionary cause behind its persistence in adults. In order to prove that something is a product of evolution, one must demonstrate that a favourable trait mutated. Additionally, one must show that the trait was transmittable to offspring and the environment favoured that trait. This may necessitate genital analysis of pre-historical data as well as present ones. Furthermore, these patterns ought to be analysed in relation to the behavioural or cultural patterns of the subjects as it could affect the adoption of the trait. The paper will look into these dimensions in order to illustrate the evolution of the lactase gene. Advantages and disadvantages in a population Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of lactose in Homo sapiens. Lactase activity in the intestines depends on the maturity of the person under consideration. Infants between two to eleven mo nths old have some of the highest activity levels. As a child reaches the age of five, lactase activity reduces, and this may continue in subsequent times. Therefore, the amount of the LPH enzyme will reduce because a person stops suckling or consuming lactose. Conversely, some adult populations continue to maintain high level of lactase activity, especially those with North European descent. This persistence of activity is an evolutionary development that coincides with the development of the dairy industry in most parts of the world (Grand et. al. 618). It is thus advantageous to ingest lactose in adulthood because this will not limit the person’s dietary intake. They will have the freedom to consume milk without dealing with health challenges. Prior to the domestication of animals, adult populations did not need the lactase enzyme. Therefore non persistence was the available state. However, this dramatically changed when animals started providing milk to the human populati on. It became genetically advantageous to retain the lactase enzyme in adulthood. Since only persons with this enzyme can enjoy the nutritional benefits of milk, then lactase persistence is beneficial. Culture dictated gene adaptability and advanced evolution (Hollox 267). Milk is nutritionally beneficial to the human body because it a rich source of calcium. Therefore, consumption of the beverage would protect one from bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis (Swallow 208). Rickets is an undesirable condition that also emanates from the lack of calcium. It is a selective force that favoured the ingestion of milk. The lack of the lactase enzyme in adults leads to a number of difficulties when dealing with the digestion of milk. Once such individuals consume milk, the lactose in milk will stay undigested. No alteration in blood glucose will be detected if a test is done. Instead, the product will enter the colon and be fermented. Fermentation causes the production of gases such as hydrogen and fatty acids. This is possible through the action of bacteria in the gut. Usually, persons who are lactose intolerant will suffer from bloating or gaseousness, diarrhoea, nausea, cramps and discomfort after taking milk. The gases that are produced after fermentation can be detected through portable hydrogen analysers (Itan et. al. 8). Therefore, it is highly desirable to be lactase persistent. All the complications that emanate from fermentation would be absent. Swallow (207) highlights some potential risks of having

Care Plan Genitourinary Clinical Case Assignment

Care Plan Genitourinary Clinical Case - Assignment Example y flow and gradual worsening symptoms of nocturia, weak urinary stream, dysuria with burning, android obesity, blood in stool and an elevated PSA level with enlarged, boggy prostate that is tender to palpation. A complex uroflowmetry test is ordered to measure the amount of urine in the bladder and the rate at which it flows to determine whether the patient has inadequate bladder muscle contraction (MedlinePlus, 2012). This is because the patient complained of a decrease in the flow of urine. A Cysto-urethroscopy/ cystoscopy to check the inside of the urethra and bladder to diagnose any infections, kidney and bladder stones or tumors (MedlinePlus, 2012). This is due to fever, weak urinary system as well as difficulty when urinating. Pressure-flow voiding studies conducted to determine the ability of the bladder and urethra to expel urine (MedlinePlus, 2012). This is because of the weak urinary system and the difficulty experienced when starting to urinate. A Video urodynamic test conducted to get a visual look of the urinary tract and to monitor the path and flow of the urine (MedlinePlus, 2012). This is because of the weak urinary system and the difficulty experienced when starting to urinate. A BUN test is done together with a blood Creatinine test to determine the level of ceratine in the blood. This determines the kidney functioning (Lab Test Online, 2014). The test is done to rule out any kidney problems due to the symptoms presented. The patient has to be educated on importance of exercising and proper diet to reduce his weight and a diet without spicy food and citrus fruits as they may cause bladder irritation (Prostate Cancer UK,

Most Beautiful Day Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Most Beautiful Day - Personal Statement Example My friend who was driving at this time has become quieter and the drive was going really smooth. We pulled off the road to re-fuel and after we left the gas station got a "low battery" sign on the dashboard light up. The vehicle also warned that we turn off all the electronics as soon as possible. We decided to do it right away only to be warned again with a "turn engine off immediately" message on the vehicle's computer. It was really dark outside at that point and we were scared some car would think our car is moving and would hit it, and we would be hit as well. By the time we crossed the highway to stop the car on the side, and run outside the car baffled and confused there was already heavy smoke coming from the car. We ran away from the car fearing it was about to explode at anytime. We only stopped at a road construction site where we could be safe from all the trucks and cars going at 100/150 km/h just 5 meters from us. We did not know what to do or exactly where we were. Since we had a French cell phone we could not call SOS in Italy. Survival time on a highway is estimated to be about 12 minutes, and we had been there for 40 minutes when finally we saw someone to come noticed us and slowed down. We arrived in Geneva at 2 am (had left Monaco at 5pm).

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 66

Essay Example As a function of this dynamic, this brief analysis will seek to discuss the ways in which non-state combatants are viewed within the modern context, the ways in which the letter of the law of the Geneva Convention’s framework necessarily deals with such individuals, and the outlook for the future that will likely exist with relation to a more widespread inclusion of non-state combatants within the umbrella of human protection and recognition that the Geneva Convention necessarily affords. With respect to the first topic, one need not look far in order to recognize the way in which al Qaeda most certainly fulfills the role of a non-state combatant within the current geo-political model (Zelikow 6). As such, countries such as the United States have had more than a difficult time determining in what ways captured al Qaeda fighters should be dealt with. Due to the fact that al Qaeda fighters are intrinsically related to terrorism and the non-state struggle of radical Islamic ideology, nations that capture their fighters do not have clear options for which to deal with these individuals. For the most part, rehabilitation is not an option. In the same way, keeping them confined without trial is openly problematic (Yoo 141). Likewise, trying them under martial or civilian court systems prove to be highly problematic due to the fact that by doing so, the state in question (prosecution) would have to engender the defendants with a degree of rights and privileges that are inco nsistent with the forces they represent or the jurisdiction that they ultimately engaged in the act of violence/theater of war. With regards to the way in which the Geneva Convention deals with such individuals as have been described, the fact of the matter is that it does not. Naturally, if a codicil to the Geneva Convention had been included that specified the way in which states could and should deal with non-state actors and members of